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Characterizing the Adsorption-Bioava...

Linard, Erica N.

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Characterizing the Adsorption-Bioavailability Relationship of PAHs Adsorbed to Carbon Nanomaterials in the Aquatic Environment.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Characterizing the Adsorption-Bioavailability Relationship of PAHs Adsorbed to Carbon Nanomaterials in the Aquatic Environment./
Author:	Linard, Erica N.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2017,
Description:	185 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-07(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International79-07B(E).
Subject:	Toxicology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10685241
ISBN:	9780355620665

Characterizing the Adsorption-Bioavailability Relationship of PAHs Adsorbed to Carbon Nanomaterials in the Aquatic Environment.
Linard, Erica N.

Characterizing the Adsorption-Bioavailability Relationship of PAHs Adsorbed to Carbon Nanomaterials in the Aquatic Environment. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2017 - 185 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-07(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Clemson University, 2017.

Concurrent with the high applicability of carbon nanomaterials (CNM) in a variety of fields and the potential use for pollution remediation, there is the inevitable release of CNMs into the environment. As a consequence of their unique physicochemical properties, CNMs entering the environment will interact with both abiotic and biotic factors. With CNM concentrations estimated to range from parts per billion to low parts per million and their high adsorption affinity for organic contaminants, there is significant concern that CNMs will act as "contaminant transporters". Even though adsorption and desorption of contaminants from CNMs play a significant role in the ultimate fate of adsorbed compounds, currently there is little conclusive information characterizing the relationship between adsorption behavior and bioavailability of CNM-adsorbed contaminants. The goal of the present research was to establish a comprehensive understanding of the key mechanisms influencing bioavailability of CNM-adsorbed organic contaminants. To accomplish this, I utilized a systematic approach to characterize the influence of CNM morphology, contaminant physicochemical properties, and contaminant mixtures on the resulting bioavailability of the adsorbed compounds, where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were selected as a model class of organic contaminants.

ISBN: 9780355620665Subjects--Topical Terms:

556884
Toxicology.

Characterizing the Adsorption-Bioavailability Relationship of PAHs Adsorbed to Carbon Nanomaterials in the Aquatic Environment.
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100 1 $a Linard, Erica N. $3 3352383
245 1 0 $a Characterizing the Adsorption-Bioavailability Relationship of PAHs Adsorbed to Carbon Nanomaterials in the Aquatic Environment.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2017
300 $a 185 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-07(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Peter van den Hurk.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Clemson University, 2017.
520 $a Concurrent with the high applicability of carbon nanomaterials (CNM) in a variety of fields and the potential use for pollution remediation, there is the inevitable release of CNMs into the environment. As a consequence of their unique physicochemical properties, CNMs entering the environment will interact with both abiotic and biotic factors. With CNM concentrations estimated to range from parts per billion to low parts per million and their high adsorption affinity for organic contaminants, there is significant concern that CNMs will act as "contaminant transporters". Even though adsorption and desorption of contaminants from CNMs play a significant role in the ultimate fate of adsorbed compounds, currently there is little conclusive information characterizing the relationship between adsorption behavior and bioavailability of CNM-adsorbed contaminants. The goal of the present research was to establish a comprehensive understanding of the key mechanisms influencing bioavailability of CNM-adsorbed organic contaminants. To accomplish this, I utilized a systematic approach to characterize the influence of CNM morphology, contaminant physicochemical properties, and contaminant mixtures on the resulting bioavailability of the adsorbed compounds, where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were selected as a model class of organic contaminants.
520 $a Adsorption behavior of a suite of PAHs by suspended multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and exfoliated graphene (GN) was characterized using batch adsorption isotherm techniques and fitting experimental data with established adsorption models. Bioavailability of CNM-adsorbed PAHs to Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) was quantified using bile analysis via fluorescence spectroscopy. Multiple linear regression techniques were used to assess the influence of CNM type, PAH physicochemical characteristics, and concentration effects on adsorption of PAHs by MWCNTs as well as to model the relationship between adsorption behavior and the resulting bioavailability of MWCNT-adsorbed PAHs.
520 $a While CNM structure and surface area differed, adsorption affinity was more influenced by PAH physicochemical characteristics. In particular, differences in adsorption of PAHs between MWCNT and GN became insignificant as hydrophobic and pi-pi interactions with the particular PAHs increased. Similarly, bioavailability of CNM-adsorbed PAHs was less influenced by the type of CNM and more influenced by the PAHs physicochemical properties, particularly the size and morphology of the PAH molecules.
520 $a A further investigation with a greater range of PAHs, showed that molecular morphology of small less hydrophobic PAHs was particularly influential on bioavailability when adsorbed to MWCNTs. Though adsorption of chemically similar PAHs was nearly identical in single-solute solutions, the resulting bioavailability was not the same and was attributed to differences in the PAH's pi electron system as a function of structure and aromatic makeup. Additionally, modeling the relationship between adsorption affinity (i.e. Log Kd) and resulting bioavailability of MWCNT-adsorbed PAHs, showed a direct correlation when Log Kd was greater than 2.5, where only the aqueous concentration of PAH remained bioavailable. However, lower adsorption affinity resulted in a variable amount of the MWCNT-adsorbed PAH remaining bioavailable in an unpredictable manner. The results of this work also indicated that there was a concentration effect influencing adsorption affinity and bioavailability. This was determined to largely be a function of molecular surface area coverage of MWCNT resulting in a change of the adsorption process from more heterogenous to more homogenous.
520 $a Finally, adsorption of two pairs of chemically similar PAHs, (1) phenanthrene and anthracene and (2) fluoranthene and pyrene, in bi-solute mixtures confirmed that structural makeup of the molecule is signficantly influential on the adsorption-bioavailability relationship. PAHs that have increased contact with the surface of MWCNT, such as anthracene being linear to align with the curved surface of the tube or fluoranthene being more flexible to bend with the curved surface of the tube, outcompeted their chemically similar isoforms. Competitive interactions between PAHs at the surface of MWCNT decreased adsorption affinity of both PAHs within the bi-solute system thus increased bioavailability of the adsorbed PAHs. However, the effect of competition on PAH bioavailability appeared to be greater for less hydrophobic PAHs (i.e. phenanthrene and anthracene) compared with the more hydrophobic PAH pair (i.e. fluoranthene and pyrene). This was attributed to adsorption affinity of phenanthrene and anthracene dipping below Log Kd = 2.5 due to competitive interactions in a bi-solute system. Similar to the single solute studies, only when Log K d > 2.5 was bioavailability of adsorbed PAHs largely associated with just the aqueous concentration of PAH left in the system...
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