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Life Cycle Assessment Based Modeling...

Pace, Sara Ann.

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Life Cycle Assessment Based Modeling of Organic Waste Residue Using Anaerobic Digestion and Composting.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Life Cycle Assessment Based Modeling of Organic Waste Residue Using Anaerobic Digestion and Composting./
作者:	Pace, Sara Ann.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2017,
面頁冊數:	132 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-02(E), Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International79-02A(E).
標題:	Sustainability. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10607390
ISBN:	9780355451047

Life Cycle Assessment Based Modeling of Organic Waste Residue Using Anaerobic Digestion and Composting.
Pace, Sara Ann.

Life Cycle Assessment Based Modeling of Organic Waste Residue Using Anaerobic Digestion and Composting. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2017 - 132 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-02(E), Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2017.

Organic waste is the largest component of the municipal waste stream and comprises approximately 28% of the waste stream. Composting is one of the more common methods to treat organic waste and reduce the amount disposed in landfills. However, composting requires energy for aeration and water for evaporative cooling to maintain important biological activity. The additional water required for composting is often limited in arid climates. Anaerobic digestion followed by composting is one possible approach to reduce the need for water and external energy for aeration. Decision-making models are needed to determine best management practices for treating organic residue based on organic matter composition. The overall goal for this dissertation was to develop a model to evaluate conversion scenarios for organic waste to reduce environmental impacts. These scenarios included combining anaerobic digestion and composting to convert organic residues to soil amendment. This goal was achieved through three main objectives: (1) develop a method for water use impact assessment, (2) create a mathematical model to describe energy and mass balances in the combined system, and (3) analyze the total environmental impacts of the combined system with life cycle assessment (LCA).

ISBN: 9780355451047Subjects--Topical Terms:

1029978
Sustainability.

Life Cycle Assessment Based Modeling of Organic Waste Residue Using Anaerobic Digestion and Composting.
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245 1 0 $a Life Cycle Assessment Based Modeling of Organic Waste Residue Using Anaerobic Digestion and Composting.
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300 $a 132 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-02(E), Section: A.
500 $a Adviser: Jean S. VanderGheynst.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2017.
520 $a Organic waste is the largest component of the municipal waste stream and comprises approximately 28% of the waste stream. Composting is one of the more common methods to treat organic waste and reduce the amount disposed in landfills. However, composting requires energy for aeration and water for evaporative cooling to maintain important biological activity. The additional water required for composting is often limited in arid climates. Anaerobic digestion followed by composting is one possible approach to reduce the need for water and external energy for aeration. Decision-making models are needed to determine best management practices for treating organic residue based on organic matter composition. The overall goal for this dissertation was to develop a model to evaluate conversion scenarios for organic waste to reduce environmental impacts. These scenarios included combining anaerobic digestion and composting to convert organic residues to soil amendment. This goal was achieved through three main objectives: (1) develop a method for water use impact assessment, (2) create a mathematical model to describe energy and mass balances in the combined system, and (3) analyze the total environmental impacts of the combined system with life cycle assessment (LCA).
520 $a Water use is an increasingly important issue in industrial ecology and LCA. Currently, there is not a widely agreed upon method to track water use in LCA and evaluate potential impacts on the environment. This study evaluated the current state-of-the-art for water use impact assessment in LCA to develop a new mass-balance based life cycle impact assessment method. Six evaluation criteria were used to select two existing water use methods for inventory and characterization factor techniques. The selected methods were integrated into a new mass-balance based (MBB) method that determines impact associated with water scarcity for midpoint impact assessment. The new method tracks water generation and consumption associated with chemical reactions, as well as embodied water in organic material, to better account for all sources of water and identify potential less-stressed water sources. The method was applied to an organic waste conversion scenario to treat food waste and green waste with anaerobic digestion in water-stressed regions. Results showed the total water use in the system was 0.15 m3 stressed water equivalent (swe) per one tonne organic waste treated. The method is intended to be applied to other processes, in both water-limited and water-rich areas, to aid in minimizing freshwater use.
520 $a A mathematical model was developed to study the energy and mass balance of the combined organic waste management system using anaerobic digestion followed by composting. This model included import energy and mass inputs and outputs in order to track chemical potential energy for the compost to reach maturity and pathogen reduction. The model also tracked associated greenhouse gas emissions, energy use, and water use for each process. Results showed reduced energy needs for composting aeration and pumping as anaerobic digestion time increased, as well as reduced water use. Water use savings at 90 days anaerobic compared to zero days ranged between 41% - 65% for different organic waste compositions, and energy use savings for aeration and pumping ranged between 26% - 42% and 37% - 63%, respectively, for the same time points. Total water addition during composting ranged from 127 -- 1276 kg water/Mg organic waste for multiple organic waste compositions and anaerobic digestion time between 0 -- 90 days. Maximum net energy production using combined heat and power at 90 days anaerobic digestion time was 530 MJ/Mg organic waste.
520 $a A LCA model was developed to elucidate the impact of conversion scenarios to sustainably treat organic residues with minimal environmental impacts. These scenarios included combining anaerobic digestion and composting to treat organic residue and produce soil amendment. The total environmental impacts of a combined organic residue management system using anaerobic digestion and composting to produce soil amendment was evaluated using a process-based LCA. The LCA incorporated the new water use impact assessment method, MBB, and the energy and mass balance model to track important energy and mass inputs and outputs. Overall, the analysis found scarce water use to be 0.31 -- 1.19 m3 swe/Mg organic waste, primary energy use to be -84.7 -- 293 MJ/Mg organic waste, and global warming potential to be -2.54 -- 23.2 kg CO2e/Mg organic waste for waste compositions of different ratios of green waste to food waste (from 1:0 to 0:1 green waste to food waste) for anaerobic digestion time at 30 days. The results of this work will help waste management specialists, policy makers, and city planners design, implement, and maintain sustainable communities in resource limited environments.
590 $a School code: 0029.
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650 4 $a Alternative Energy. $3 1035473
650 4 $a Agricultural engineering. $3 3168406
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710 2 $a University of California, Davis. $b Biological Systems Engineering. $3 1684951
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