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Effects of Nicotinic Acid and beta-carotene Supplementation Prepartum on Cows, Colostrum and Calves, and Effects of beta-carotene Supplementation to Lactating Holstein Cows.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Effects of Nicotinic Acid and beta-carotene Supplementation Prepartum on Cows, Colostrum and Calves, and Effects of beta-carotene Supplementation to Lactating Holstein Cows./
Author:	Aragona, Kayla Marie.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
Description:	177 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-10(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International79-10B(E).
Subject:	Agriculture. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10816092
ISBN:	9780438035515

Effects of Nicotinic Acid and beta-carotene Supplementation Prepartum on Cows, Colostrum and Calves, and Effects of beta-carotene Supplementation to Lactating Holstein Cows.
Aragona, Kayla Marie.

Effects of Nicotinic Acid and beta-carotene Supplementation Prepartum on Cows, Colostrum and Calves, and Effects of beta-carotene Supplementation to Lactating Holstein Cows. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 177 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-10(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of New Hampshire, 2018.

Two experiments were conducted. The objectives of the first experiment were: 1) to evaluate the effects of incremental levels of nicotinic acid (NA; 0, 16, 32 or 48 g/d) supplementation prepartum on colostrum quality and cow and calf performance, 2) to determine if there are increases in microbial production, blood flow, or both, with NA supplementation and 3) to determine the effects of supplemental beta-carotene (BC; 0.7 g/d). Previous research indicated that 48 g/d of supplemental NA prepartum increased colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration. Nicotinic acid supplementation in humans causes vasodilation, therefore supplementing NA prepartum may increase blood flow to the mammary gland, thus increasing nutrients, and Ig flow to the mammary gland during colostrogenesis. Nicotinic acid supplementation increases protozoa in the rumen, specifically Entodinium. Although protozoa are not necessary for the survival of the ruminant, they do have a synergistic relationship with ruminal bacteria. Fermentation is more rapid and efficient with both bacteria and protozoa present in the rumen. Supplemental NA may increase ruminal microbial production, leading to an increase in absorbable AA, which could potentially improve colostrum quality. beta-carotene has increased microbial protein production in vitro, and increased milk fat content and yield, and tended to increase milk protein content and therefore, may also affect colostrum. Forty-five multiparous Holstein cows housed in a tie stall barn were blocked by expected calving date and randomly assigned to treatments at 4 wk prepartum. Colostrum was collected and weighed within 90 min after parturition. Colostral IgG content and yield, and fat, protein, ash, solids and lactose contents and yields were determined. Calves were removed from their dams before suckling and weighed within 60 min of birth and received 4 L of maternal colostrum. Blood samples were collected at 0 and 24 h via jugular venipuncture for analysis of IgG concentration and apparent efficiency of IgG absorption (AEA). The 50 calves born were blocked based on treatments of dams. All calves were fed 449 g DM of milk replacer (20% CP, 20% fat) and a textured starter and water ad libitum at 2 d of age until weaning (42 d). Dry matter intake was recorded daily. Blood samples were collected every Monday, Wednesday and Friday and analyzed for ketones for all animals, and non-esterified fatty acids and IgG for dams. No differences were observed in blood metabolites of cows. Supplemental beta-carotene did not affect dry matter intake (DMI), but reduced colostrum yield, resulting in an increased IgG, fat, protein and solids content due to a dilution effect. Feeding NA resulted in linear decreases in DMI but colostrum yield was not affected. The colostral protein, ash and solids content increased linearly with increasing NA supplementation. Incremental levels of NA caused a quadratic response in yield of IgG and resulted in linear increases in colostral IgG concentration. Urinary purine derivatives (PD) increased linearly with increased NA, mainly due to an increase in allantoin. This indicates that NA may be beneficial to the rumen microbes, enhancing protein production, and protein supply to the SI of the cow, resulting in an increase in protein, specifically IgG, in colostrum. Calves born from cows supplemented with beta-carotene had greater feed efficiency (FE) and tended to have lesser AEA than those born from control cows. No difference in 24 hr IgG concentration or AEA were observed in calves born from dams fed NA. There were trends for linear decreases in starter intake, total DMI and body length of calves born from dams fed NA. There were trends for quadratic responses in average daily gain (ADG) and FE in calves born from dams fed NA. There were significant cubic responses in ADG, final wither height, final hip height, body length gain, final body length and final girth, where calves that were born from dams receiving 32 g/d NA were consistently the highest. There were trends for cubic responses in final weight, ADG, hip height, hip width gain, final hip width and body length, again where calves that were born from dams receiving 32 g/d NA were consistently the highest. In the second experiment, the objectives were to determine the effects of 500 mg of supplemental beta-carotene to cows fed a diet formulated to contain around 9% RDP or 11% RDP. Sixteen multiparous lactating Holstein cows were blocked by DIM and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design. The 9% RDP diet contained (DM basis) 9.2% grass hay silage, 38.6% corn silage, 11% alfalfa hay, 25.7% energy mix, 11% protein mix, 2.2% mineral-vitamin premix, 1.6% protected fat and 0.6% bloodmeal. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).

ISBN: 9780438035515Subjects--Topical Terms:

518588
Agriculture.

Effects of Nicotinic Acid and beta-carotene Supplementation Prepartum on Cows, Colostrum and Calves, and Effects of beta-carotene Supplementation to Lactating Holstein Cows.
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