東華大學圖書館 |

語系: 繁體中文

說明(常見問題)

回圖書館首頁

手機版館藏查詢

登入

回首頁

切換: 標籤 | MARC模式 | ISBD

Health impacts of transportation and...

Mansfield, Theodore J.

FindBook

Google Book

Amazon

博客來

Health impacts of transportation and the built environment: A quantitative risk assessment.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Health impacts of transportation and the built environment: A quantitative risk assessment./
作者:	Mansfield, Theodore J.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2016,
面頁冊數:	198 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-11(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International77-11B(E).
標題:	Public health. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10120106
ISBN:	9781339812960

Health impacts of transportation and the built environment: A quantitative risk assessment.
Mansfield, Theodore J.

Health impacts of transportation and the built environment: A quantitative risk assessment. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2016 - 198 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-11(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2016.

The design of urban transportation networks can affect three kinds of human health risks: (1) motor vehicle crashes, (2) air pollution from automobiles, and (3) physical inactivity occurring when motor vehicles replace walking and cycling as the main means of transportation. However, the relative magnitude of each of these risks in relation to the way cities are designed is poorly understood, and tools and methods that simultaneously assess all three risks are limited. Furthermore, available tools rely on static methods that fail to account for cumulative health impacts over time. This work developed the first dynamic micro-simulation model for quantifying all three risks and then applied the model to compare transportation health risks between neighborhood groups of varying designs within the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill region. The model combines information on crash risk as a function of vehicle miles traveled, demographic and built environment variables routinely collected by the US Census Bureau, modeled estimates of fine particulate air pollution arising from traffic computed at the census block scale, and baseline public health data from the North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics in order to estimate premature mortality risks from each of the three transportation-risk sources at the census block group scale. The model estimates that the combined health impacts of transportation are lowest in block groups with designs that encourage walking for transportation (18.4 annual excess deaths per 100,000 persons on average over 10 years, compared to 22.9 in the least walkable block groups). While air pollution health impacts are higher in the most walkable block groups (2.14 annual excess deaths per 100,000 persons compared to 1.15), physical inactivity and crash risks are lower in these areas (2.70 annual excess deaths per 100,000 compared to 6.66 and 13.5 compared to 15.1, respectively). Similarly, net individual risks of premature mortality are lower among those who walk, bike, or ride transit to work due to increased physical activity and decreased risk of fatal crashes. These results illustrate that designing neighborhoods to encourage walking has important net health benefits.

ISBN: 9781339812960Subjects--Topical Terms:

534748
Public health.

Health impacts of transportation and the built environment: A quantitative risk assessment.
LDR:03233nmm a2200313 4500 001 2128569
005 20180103123140.5
008 180830s2016 ||||||||||||||||| ||eng d
020 $a 9781339812960
035 $a (MiAaPQ)AAI10120106
035 $a AAI10120106
040 $a MiAaPQ $c MiAaPQ
100 1 $a Mansfield, Theodore J. $3 3290739
245 1 0 $a Health impacts of transportation and the built environment: A quantitative risk assessment.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2016
300 $a 198 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-11(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2016.
520 $a The design of urban transportation networks can affect three kinds of human health risks: (1) motor vehicle crashes, (2) air pollution from automobiles, and (3) physical inactivity occurring when motor vehicles replace walking and cycling as the main means of transportation. However, the relative magnitude of each of these risks in relation to the way cities are designed is poorly understood, and tools and methods that simultaneously assess all three risks are limited. Furthermore, available tools rely on static methods that fail to account for cumulative health impacts over time. This work developed the first dynamic micro-simulation model for quantifying all three risks and then applied the model to compare transportation health risks between neighborhood groups of varying designs within the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill region. The model combines information on crash risk as a function of vehicle miles traveled, demographic and built environment variables routinely collected by the US Census Bureau, modeled estimates of fine particulate air pollution arising from traffic computed at the census block scale, and baseline public health data from the North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics in order to estimate premature mortality risks from each of the three transportation-risk sources at the census block group scale. The model estimates that the combined health impacts of transportation are lowest in block groups with designs that encourage walking for transportation (18.4 annual excess deaths per 100,000 persons on average over 10 years, compared to 22.9 in the least walkable block groups). While air pollution health impacts are higher in the most walkable block groups (2.14 annual excess deaths per 100,000 persons compared to 1.15), physical inactivity and crash risks are lower in these areas (2.70 annual excess deaths per 100,000 compared to 6.66 and 13.5 compared to 15.1, respectively). Similarly, net individual risks of premature mortality are lower among those who walk, bike, or ride transit to work due to increased physical activity and decreased risk of fatal crashes. These results illustrate that designing neighborhoods to encourage walking has important net health benefits.
590 $a School code: 0153.
650 4 $a Public health. $3 534748
650 4 $a Urban planning. $3 2122922
650 4 $a Transportation. $3 555912
650 4 $a Environmental health. $3 543032
690 $a 0573
690 $a 0999
690 $a 0709
690 $a 0470
710 2 $a The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. $b Environmental Sciences and Engineering. $3 2104684
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 77-11B(E).
790 $a 0153
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2016
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10120106