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Understanding the role of pesticide ...
~
Lerro, Catherine Chase.
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Understanding the role of pesticide use in carcinogenesis: An examination of occupational and non-occupational exposures.
紀錄類型:
書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:
Understanding the role of pesticide use in carcinogenesis: An examination of occupational and non-occupational exposures./
作者:
Lerro, Catherine Chase.
出版者:
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2015,
面頁冊數:
107 p.
附註:
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-06(E), Section: B.
Contained By:
Dissertation Abstracts International77-06B(E).
標題:
Epidemiology. -
電子資源:
http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10009981
ISBN:
9781339462790
Understanding the role of pesticide use in carcinogenesis: An examination of occupational and non-occupational exposures.
Lerro, Catherine Chase.
Understanding the role of pesticide use in carcinogenesis: An examination of occupational and non-occupational exposures.
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2015 - 107 p.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-06(E), Section: B.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2015.
This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
Introduction: Pesticides are a diverse group of chemicals used in agricultural, commercial, and home settings to control insects, fungi, and weeds. Pesticide exposures are ubiquitous; 96% of US adults have detectable levels of pesticides or pesticide metabolites in their urine. There is a growing interest in understanding how individual pesticide active ingredients impact human health and specifically human cancer risk. Currently the International Agency for Research on Cancer lists only arsenical insecticides, the organochlorine insecticide lindane, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo p-dioxin, a contaminant of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, as human carcinogens, although many others are considered probable or possible human carcinogens. The projects detailed herein address important gaps in the literature regarding the role of pesticide exposure in human cancer risk.
ISBN: 9781339462790Subjects--Topical Terms:
568544
Epidemiology.
Understanding the role of pesticide use in carcinogenesis: An examination of occupational and non-occupational exposures.
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Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-06(E), Section: B.
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Introduction: Pesticides are a diverse group of chemicals used in agricultural, commercial, and home settings to control insects, fungi, and weeds. Pesticide exposures are ubiquitous; 96% of US adults have detectable levels of pesticides or pesticide metabolites in their urine. There is a growing interest in understanding how individual pesticide active ingredients impact human health and specifically human cancer risk. Currently the International Agency for Research on Cancer lists only arsenical insecticides, the organochlorine insecticide lindane, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo p-dioxin, a contaminant of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, as human carcinogens, although many others are considered probable or possible human carcinogens. The projects detailed herein address important gaps in the literature regarding the role of pesticide exposure in human cancer risk.
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Methods: The first aim is to conduct the first epidemiologic evaluation of occupational acetochior use and cancer risk (Chapter 2). Acetochlor was relatively recently registered for agricultural use by the US Environmental Protection Agency in 1994, yet is among the most commonly used herbicides in the United States. The second aim is to examine the impact of use of organophosphate (OP) insecticides, a class with potentially endocrine disrupting properties, and cancer risk among female spouses of farmers (Chapter 3). The final aim is to examine the association between urinary metabolites of two commonly used herbicides, atrazine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and subsequent changes in oxidative stress markers in corn farmers and non-farming controls over a growing season (Chapter 4).
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Results: For our first aim, we found suggestive evidence that acetochlor use was associated with increased risk of cancer at several sites including lung, pancreas, melanoma, and colorectal. Additionally we noted an increased risk of lung cancer associated with mixtures of acetochlor and atrazine. For our second aim, we found that women who reported application of OPs were at greater risk for thyroid, ovarian, and breast cancer. The increased risks that we observed for hormonally-related cancers are consistent with the hypothesis that OPs act as endocrine disruptors. For our final aim, we found that urinary 2,4-D was associated with a marker of oxidative DNA damage, corroborating findings from earlier mechanistic studies in animals.
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Discussion: This dissertation has demonstrated that specific pesticide active ingredients are associated with increased cancer risk in both men and women. Pesticide active ingredients likely work through unique mechanisms of action including: synergistic effects of chemical mixtures, endocrine disruption, and oxidative stress. The relationship between pesticide use and cancer risk is complex, and we have much to learn about specific biological mechanisms, population and sex differences, and important confounding factors. More epidemiologic research with high-quality pesticide exposure assessment is needed in order to make evidenced-based regulatory decisions.
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