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The Guomindang's approach to rural s...

Chen, Yixin.

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The Guomindang's approach to rural socioeconomic problems: China's rural cooperative movement, 1918-1949.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The Guomindang's approach to rural socioeconomic problems: China's rural cooperative movement, 1918-1949./
Author:	Chen, Yixin.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 1995,
Description:	400 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 56-10, Section: A, page: 4101.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International56-10A.
Subject:	Asian history. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9606079

The Guomindang's approach to rural socioeconomic problems: China's rural cooperative movement, 1918-1949.
Chen, Yixin.

The Guomindang's approach to rural socioeconomic problems: China's rural cooperative movement, 1918-1949. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 1995 - 400 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 56-10, Section: A, page: 4101.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington University in St. Louis, 1995.

Learning from Western concepts of cooperative and the practical experience gained by American missionaries in promoting credit cooperatives in northern villages, in the late 1920s the Guomindang government (Nationalist) adopted a cooperative movement as its main approach to the problems of Chinese peasants. Promoting peasant cooperatives and providing loans at a low interest rate for them, the government hoped that its state activism could reduce rural usurious practices and that peasants could obtain financial assistance needed for agricultural production and thereby improve the rural economy. In essence, the movement was an attempt to impose social and economic reform from above upon rural society and an alternative to the Communist radical land reform program.Subjects--Topical Terms:

1099323
Asian history.

The Guomindang's approach to rural socioeconomic problems: China's rural cooperative movement, 1918-1949.
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245 1 4 $a The Guomindang's approach to rural socioeconomic problems: China's rural cooperative movement, 1918-1949.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 56-10, Section: A, page: 4101.
500 $a Chair: William Kirby.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington University in St. Louis, 1995.
520 $a Learning from Western concepts of cooperative and the practical experience gained by American missionaries in promoting credit cooperatives in northern villages, in the late 1920s the Guomindang government (Nationalist) adopted a cooperative movement as its main approach to the problems of Chinese peasants. Promoting peasant cooperatives and providing loans at a low interest rate for them, the government hoped that its state activism could reduce rural usurious practices and that peasants could obtain financial assistance needed for agricultural production and thereby improve the rural economy. In essence, the movement was an attempt to impose social and economic reform from above upon rural society and an alternative to the Communist radical land reform program.
520 $a Although in 1937 the Japanese invasion caused the end of tens of thousands of cooperatives in east China, during the war years the Guomindang strengthened its cooperative administration and increased its financial assistance for the peasants in the southwest. As a result, it promoted more than 170,000 cooperatives; its efforts not only reduced the local usurers' activities but helped the peasants maintain agricultural production. The peasants in turn showed their support of the government by fully paying the land tax in kind. The Guomindang's cooperative policy, contrary to what previous scholarship has assumed, led to the establishment of a positive relationship between the state and the peasants.
520 $a However, the policy did not solve the fundamental socioeconomic problem in rural society--the pattern of unequal land distribution. Instead it encouraged the peasants to rely on the state's financial support and turned them as a whole into a heavy burden that the state itself could not possibly bear. In 1945-46 the Guomindang reduced its assistance to the peasants, and consequently damaged its relationship with them. As a result, it was no longer able to draw basic resources from the rural areas and lost the Civil War to the Communists. Learning from this defeat, in the 1950s the Guomindang in Taiwan adopted land reform as the main approach to the problems of the peasants, which not only resolved rural social conflicts but lay the foundation for Taiwan's economic modernization.
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