東華大學圖書館 |

Language: English

Help

回圖書館首頁

手機版館藏查詢

Back

Switch To: Labeled | MARC Mode | ISBD

Age Differences in the Effects of Se...

Morton, John R.

Linked to FindBook

Google Book

Amazon

博客來

Age Differences in the Effects of Semantic Context on Speech Perception: The Role of Uncertainty.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Age Differences in the Effects of Semantic Context on Speech Perception: The Role of Uncertainty./
Author:	Morton, John R.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2016,
Description:	130 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-11(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International77-11B(E).
Subject:	Cognitive psychology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10112483
ISBN:	9781339756370

Age Differences in the Effects of Semantic Context on Speech Perception: The Role of Uncertainty.
Morton, John R.

Age Differences in the Effects of Semantic Context on Speech Perception: The Role of Uncertainty. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2016 - 130 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-11(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington University in St. Louis, 2016.

Recent experiments have shown that semantic context effects on spoken word recognition differ between young and older adults (Rogers, Jacoby & Sommers, 2012; Sommers et. al, in prep). These experiments have shown that older adults provide significantly more incorrect responses than young adults when context predicts a phonological competitor that is semantically more likely than the actual target item. Incorrectly responding with the semantically predicted item rather than the true target item, with high confidence, is referred to as false hearing. The general design used in the studies reported for this dissertation is to compare identification of sentence-final items (presented in noise) in three different conditions: (1) a condition in which target words were congruent with the preceding context; (2) a baseline condition in which no semantic context was presented; (3) an incongruent condition in which the target item was a semantically acceptable phonological competitor of the congruent trial target word.

ISBN: 9781339756370Subjects--Topical Terms:

523881
Cognitive psychology.

Age Differences in the Effects of Semantic Context on Speech Perception: The Role of Uncertainty.
LDR:03348nmm a2200313 4500 001 2120059
005 20170705093019.5
008 180830s2016 ||||||||||||||||| ||eng d
020 $a 9781339756370
035 $a (MiAaPQ)AAI10112483
035 $a AAI10112483
040 $a MiAaPQ $c MiAaPQ
100 1 $a Morton, John R. $3 3281965
245 1 0 $a Age Differences in the Effects of Semantic Context on Speech Perception: The Role of Uncertainty.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2016
300 $a 130 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-11(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Mitchell Sommers.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington University in St. Louis, 2016.
520 $a Recent experiments have shown that semantic context effects on spoken word recognition differ between young and older adults (Rogers, Jacoby & Sommers, 2012; Sommers et. al, in prep). These experiments have shown that older adults provide significantly more incorrect responses than young adults when context predicts a phonological competitor that is semantically more likely than the actual target item. Incorrectly responding with the semantically predicted item rather than the true target item, with high confidence, is referred to as false hearing. The general design used in the studies reported for this dissertation is to compare identification of sentence-final items (presented in noise) in three different conditions: (1) a condition in which target words were congruent with the preceding context; (2) a baseline condition in which no semantic context was presented; (3) an incongruent condition in which the target item was a semantically acceptable phonological competitor of the congruent trial target word.
520 $a The current work was conducted to see if reducing uncertainty would decrease age differences in false hearing. Uncertainty was manipulated in three different ways. Experiment 1 compared open to closed-set response formats to investigate if age differences would still emerge when uncertainty in responses was reduced by only having two responses to choose from relative to an open-set design. Results indicated that reducing uncertainty by limiting the number of responses did not reduce age differences in false hearing rates. Experiment 2 compared young and older adults' false hearing when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was manipulated to either increase or decrease level of stimulus degradation. Results of Experiment 2 demonstrated that regardless of how much uncertainty was increased (by making the SNR harder), older adults' performance when context was congruent did not change. Experiment 3 manipulated uncertainty by presenting a validity cue ("likely predictive" or "likely misleading") prior to sentence presentation. The results showed that even when told an incongruent trial was likely to be misleading older adults' performance was no different than when presented a neutral cue. These results are discussed within the context of age differences in cognitive control as a contributing proof to differences in false hearing.
590 $a School code: 0252.
650 4 $a Cognitive psychology. $3 523881
650 4 $a Behavioral psychology. $3 2122788
650 4 $a Experimental psychology. $3 2144733
690 $a 0633
690 $a 0384
690 $a 0623
710 2 $a Washington University in St. Louis. $b Psychology. $3 1669827
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 77-11B(E).
790 $a 0252
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2016
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10112483