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A New Birth of Freedom: The Effect o...

Minahan, Wade Thomas.

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A New Birth of Freedom: The Effect of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Ohio Law.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	A New Birth of Freedom: The Effect of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Ohio Law./
作者:	Minahan, Wade Thomas.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2015,
面頁冊數:	318 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-03(E), Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International77-03A(E).
標題:	Law. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3724140
ISBN:	9781339075105

A New Birth of Freedom: The Effect of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Ohio Law.
Minahan, Wade Thomas.

A New Birth of Freedom: The Effect of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Ohio Law. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2015 - 318 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-03(E), Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2015.

In the seventy years from its first settlement to the start of the Civil War, Ohio developed from a trackless wilderness populated only by a few Native Americans into an agricultural garden and home to over two million residents. By this time Ohio had become the third most populous and the fourth most industrialized state in the nation.

ISBN: 9781339075105Subjects--Topical Terms:

600858
Law.

A New Birth of Freedom: The Effect of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Ohio Law.
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520 $a In the seventy years from its first settlement to the start of the Civil War, Ohio developed from a trackless wilderness populated only by a few Native Americans into an agricultural garden and home to over two million residents. By this time Ohio had become the third most populous and the fourth most industrialized state in the nation.
520 $a Ohio had a leading role in the American Civil War (1861--1865). Over 300,000 Ohioans served in the War and about one in ten died. Several of the Union's leading Generals, including Ulysses S. Grant, William Tecumseh Sherman and Phillip Sheridan hailed from Ohio. Future Presidents Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Benjamin Harrison and William McKinley served in the Union Army and hailed from the Buckeye State. Political leaders such as Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, Treasury Secretary, and later Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, Senators Benjamin Wade and John Sherman, Congressmen Clement Vallandingham, George Pendleton, and John Bingham called Ohio home. In addition, Ohio's farms fed the Union war machine and its transportation infrastructure transported these commodities to the Armies in the field.
520 $a Ohioans made many sacrifices during the War. Although only one military campaign touched Ohio's borders during the conflict, that being Morgan's raid in July, 1863, this was a small affair. However, over 35,000 Ohioans lost their lives and a similar number deserted. Ohio was required to cede an enormous amount of power to the federal government in order to win the War. Ohioans were also forced to endure the curtailment of many of their political and civil rights, as guaranteed by the United States and the Ohio Constitutions. These infringements included the suspension of habeas corpus, arrests without trials, trials of civilians by military commissions, and infringements on free speech and freedom of the press.
520 $a At the war's conclusion, Congress had three major challenges: 1) dealing with the loss of life and property during the war; 2) the uncertainty about whether the war was really over; and 3) the enormity of the task of economic and political reconstruction. By denying seats to the Congressman and Senators elected to represent the former Confederate states at the end of the war, the 39th Congress, which held session from March 4, 1865 to March 3, 1867, held a Republican super majority that allowed them to propose constitutional amendments as well as override presidential vetoes.
520 $a The 39th Congress passed 714 pieces of legislation during its term, including: 1) the Civil Rights Act of 1866; 2) the extension of the Freedman's Bureau for another two years; and 3) the 14th Amendment. Ohio Congressman John Bingham was the principal author of Section 1 of the 14th Amendment, and he and his colleagues crafted this amendment with moderate verbiage. When the Southern states rejected the 14th Amendment, the country entered into the period of Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction and Southern States were forced to ratify both the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments in order to regain full voting status in Congress.
520 $a It is quite clear that the Civil War and Reconstruction era had a profound effect upon Ohio and its laws. In addition to the great loss of life and property, Ohioans only reluctantly accepted the Fourteenth and the Fifteenth Amendments after denying full civil and political rights to African-American several times in the past. The enabling legislation that was included as part of these amendments allowed Congress to expand the jurisdiction of the federal courts and remove some cases from local juries and transfer them to the federal court system.
520 $a However, it is equally evident that Ohio had a more profound effect on Reconstruction than Reconstruction had on Ohio. Ohio's military leaders won the war and administered Congressional Reconstruction of the Southern States. Its political leaders took advantage of a temporary Republican super majority to enact two Amendments whose effect was small at the time, but became much more profound in the next century. Finally, Ohio's Presidents and future Presidents helped lead the Nation from a time of schism and War into the 20th Century.
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