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Behavioral Implications of Interpers...

Zeballos Veraloza, Maria Eliana.

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Behavioral Implications of Interpersonal Comparisons: A Theoretical and Empirical Exploration.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Behavioral Implications of Interpersonal Comparisons: A Theoretical and Empirical Exploration./
作者:	Zeballos Veraloza, Maria Eliana.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2016,
面頁冊數:	151 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-03(E), Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International78-03A(E).
標題:	Economic theory. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10182814
ISBN:	9781369311297

Behavioral Implications of Interpersonal Comparisons: A Theoretical and Empirical Exploration.
Zeballos Veraloza, Maria Eliana.

Behavioral Implications of Interpersonal Comparisons: A Theoretical and Empirical Exploration. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2016 - 151 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-03(E), Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2016.

Interpersonal comparisons can spur individuals to increase effort to "catch-up" to others or they can lead individuals to "pull-down" others through harmful actions so as to improve their relative position. Destructive actions based on interpersonal comparisons, where individuals pay to destroy others' outputs, can limit the effectiveness of anti-poverty initiatives that seek to increase work and investment intensity. Therefore, understanding how interpersonal comparisons affect behavior and what triggers and deters destructive actions is crucial for improving the design of public and private policies and programs where destructive actions may exist.

ISBN: 9781369311297Subjects--Topical Terms:

1556984
Economic theory.

Behavioral Implications of Interpersonal Comparisons: A Theoretical and Empirical Exploration.
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245 1 0 $a Behavioral Implications of Interpersonal Comparisons: A Theoretical and Empirical Exploration.
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300 $a 151 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 78-03(E), Section: A.
500 $a Advisers: Stephen R. Boucher; Travis J. Lybbert.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2016.
520 $a Interpersonal comparisons can spur individuals to increase effort to "catch-up" to others or they can lead individuals to "pull-down" others through harmful actions so as to improve their relative position. Destructive actions based on interpersonal comparisons, where individuals pay to destroy others' outputs, can limit the effectiveness of anti-poverty initiatives that seek to increase work and investment intensity. Therefore, understanding how interpersonal comparisons affect behavior and what triggers and deters destructive actions is crucial for improving the design of public and private policies and programs where destructive actions may exist.
520 $a In order to examine how interpersonal comparisons may lead to destructive actions and how, in turn, the threat of these destructive actions affects levels of effort and investment, I first develop a two-stage, two-agent model of strategic behavior. The model presented in chapter 2 allows for interpersonal comparisons to enter preferences in multiple ways, such as inequality aversion, status seeking, and guilt. The theoretical model shows that if an individual dislikes disadvantageous inequalities, he/she may either increase effort or investment to "catch-up", or conversely may "pull-down" others through harmful actions. In cases of advantageous inequalities, an individual may exert more effort or take destructive actions if he/she enjoys being above others, however, if he/she dislikes being above others, he/she may exert less effort and will never take a destructive action.
520 $a In order to empirically examine how interpersonal comparisons and the prevalence of destructive actions influence effort levels, the third chapter presents the results from a unique experiment. The experimental games were conducted in Bolivia among 285 dairy farmers. Results show that when participants were presented with their own ranking and earnings as well as the ranking and earnings of others in their group, they increased their efforts if they were below the group mean, and decreased their efforts if they were above the group mean. Additionally, when destructive actions were allowed, 55 percent of the participants were willing to forego own-consumption in order to destroy others' output; 58 percent were victims of destructive actions and lost, on average, a third of their earnings. Nearly all of the highest earning participants were victims of destructive actions and reduced their effort ex-ante by 5.1 percent as a result of an expected destructive behavior.
520 $a In chapter four, interpersonal-comparison-based destructive actions are empirically studied in the context of two interventions. The first intervention introduces an improved production technology that is randomly assigned to just a portion of the individuals. In the second intervention, the earning-generating process switches from an individual-based wage to a group-based wage scheme. Results show that the improved production technology increased the output of the randomly chosen group members by 42 percent, but it also increased their probability of being destroyed by at least one group-member by 29 percent losing a little more than half of their extra earnings. However, I find no evidence of a change in the overall intensity of destruction. The switch from an individual-based wage to a group-based wage resulted in an overall decreases in effort levels especially among highly productive individuals. However, there is weak evidence that overall intensity of destruction decreased --- 47 percent fewer individuals took a destructive action against somebody in their group and the intensity of destruction decreased by 22 percent.
520 $a From a policy standpoint, my results suggest that certain development policies may have unintended adverse consequences. The threat of destructive actions among individuals in close-knit communities can limit the effectiveness of anti-poverty initiatives that seek to increase work or investment intensity, especially if they target a subset of the community. Interpersonal comparisons and destructive actions may also have important implications for the design of contract and reward programs, and for the design and interpretation of program evaluations.
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650 4 $a Behavioral psychology. $3 2122788
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773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 78-03A(E).
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793 $a English
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