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Allocation of Talent, Labor Markets,...

Porzio, Tommaso.

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Allocation of Talent, Labor Markets, and Economic Development.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Allocation of Talent, Labor Markets, and Economic Development./
作者:	Porzio, Tommaso.
面頁冊數:	347 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-12(E), Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International77-12A(E).
標題:	Economics. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10157620
ISBN:	9781369126372

Allocation of Talent, Labor Markets, and Economic Development.
Porzio, Tommaso.

Allocation of Talent, Labor Markets, and Economic Development. - 347 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-12(E), Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2016.

This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

My dissertation theoretically and empirically examines cross-country differences in the creation, allocation, and labor market compensation of individual skills.

ISBN: 9781369126372Subjects--Topical Terms:

517137
Economics.

Allocation of Talent, Labor Markets, and Economic Development.
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100 1 $a Porzio, Tommaso. $3 3277887
245 1 0 $a Allocation of Talent, Labor Markets, and Economic Development.
300 $a 347 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 77-12(E), Section: A.
500 $a Adviser: Christopher Udry.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2016.
506 $a This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
520 $a My dissertation theoretically and empirically examines cross-country differences in the creation, allocation, and labor market compensation of individual skills.
520 $a The first chapter studies the relationship between the distance of a country to the technology frontier and the way in which production is organized. I develop a matching model - in which heterogeneous individuals form production teams and choose an appropriate technology - to study how the technological environment changes the pattern of matching and consequently the production structure of an economy. The main theoretical result is that, if technology improvements are expensive, teams bring high and low skilled individuals together and all teams choose similar technologies. In contrast, if improvements are inexpensive, talent concentrates in teams that choose the most advanced technologies, leading to larger dispersion of economic activity. Then, I apply the theory to study cross-country differences in the allocation of talent. Since relatively poor countries can make cheap and large improvements through technology adoption, the theory predicts that they should have stronger concentration of talent than relatively rich ones. I derive an empirical measure of the concentration of talent from the model to validate this prediction using micro data from several countries; in the cross-section, using a sample of 63 countries, and in the time-series, comparing the growth experiences of South Korea and United States. Finally, a dynamic extension of the theoretical framework demonstrates that endogenous allocation of talent coupled with localized technological progress may prevent cross-country convergence even in the absence of exogenous barriers.
520 $a The second chapter (co-authored with David Lagakos, Benjamin Moll, Nancy Qian, and Todd Schoellman) comprehends two papers that study cross-country differences in life-cycle human capital accumulation. In the first paper, "Life-Cycle Wage Growth Across Countries", we harmonize repeated cross-sectional surveys from a set of countries with very different per capita income levels and use them to measure how wages rise with potential experience. Our main finding is that experience- wage profiles are on average twice as steep in rich countries as in poor ones. This is consistent with two distinct hypotheses: slower human capital accumulation over the life cycle and more severe frictions that hamper worker reallocation. In the second paper, "Life-Cycle Human Capital Accumulation Across Countries: Lessons from U.S. Immigrants" we provide empirical support in favor of the human capital hypothesis. Among U.S. immigrants, returns to potential experience in the common U.S. labor market are higher for workers coming from rich countries than for those coming from poor ones. This fact could be driven by differences in selection, skill-loss upon migration, or human capital accumulation. We measure selection and skill-loss using respectively the difference in average education and in the probability of being in a high skill occupation between immigrants and non- migrants. Immigrants from poor countries neither are more negatively selected nor lose a higher amount of skills. Therefore, they most likely accumulate less human capital before migrating.
520 $a The third chapter (co-authored with Sebatian Heise) studies whether a change in labor market regulations can improve the allocative efficiency of worker-firm matches. We tackle this question using the German reunification as a natural experiment that exposed East Germany to Western-style institutions. We interpret a firm's average wage as a measure of its inherent productivity. Using matched employer-employee data, we examine the evolution of allocative efficiency, defined as the correlation between a firm's average wage and its number of workers. East German allocative efficiency is significantly lower than in the West even 20 years after the reunification. This difference accounts for 25 percent of the large wage gap between the two regions. The efficiency gap is due to two forces. First, East German workers face a flatter job ladder: when moving job-to-job, the difference between their previous firm's average wage and the new firm's average wage is smaller than in the West. Second, East German workers more frequently fall off the job ladder into unemployment. We rationalize our findings in a job ladder model with low and high productivity firms in which East Germany has a higher risk of job termination than the West. This higher termination risk lowers the incentive for high productivity firms to post vacancies, which flattens the job ladder. Our work suggests that policies that seek to improve labor market institutions, if accompanied by a higher risk of job termination, may have the unintended consequence of decreasing allocative efficiency.
590 $a School code: 0265.
650 4 $a Economics. $3 517137
650 4 $a Economic theory. $3 1556984
650 4 $a Labor economics. $3 642730
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710 2 $a Yale University. $3 515640
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 77-12A(E).
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791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2016
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10157620