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Spoken Word Recognition: A Window in...

Lash, Amanda.

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Spoken Word Recognition: A Window into the Aging Brain and Ear.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Spoken Word Recognition: A Window into the Aging Brain and Ear./
Author:	Lash, Amanda.
Description:	111 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-02(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International76-02B(E).
Subject:	Cognitive psychology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3637224
ISBN:	9781321197983

Spoken Word Recognition: A Window into the Aging Brain and Ear.
Lash, Amanda.

Spoken Word Recognition: A Window into the Aging Brain and Ear. - 111 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-02(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Brandeis University, 2014.

This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

With the growing population of older adults in our society, there is a need to understand the cognitive changes and hearing impairments that often accompany adult aging. This is especially important, since both cognitive and perceptual factors are necessary for spoken communication. This dissertation contains a series of experiments designed to identify the factors underlying spoken word recognition in older adults. In three experiments, we examine the interactive and compensatory relationship of bottom-up sensory processing and top-down contextual factors as spoken words unfold in time. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of age and hearing acuity on word recognition across different degrees of constraining linguistic contexts and the potential competition from lexical alternatives that also fit the sentential context. Experiment 1 found that constraining linguistic contexts mitigated the negative effect of age and hearing loss on word recognition; however older adults' word recognition performance was influenced by the number and probability of lexical competitors that fit the semantic context. In addition to the effects of facilitative contexts, Experiment 2 examined individual differences in spoken word recognition and the use of bottom-up/top-down processing when linguistic contexts were misleading to listeners' expectations. Experiment 2 revealed that hearing acuity, inhibition, and age predicted spoken word recognition when linguistic contexts were misleading. Moreover, it was found that older adults with poor hearing acuity were more likely than older adults with good hearing to use top-down contextual information to bias their responses when identifying words even though it did not match the bottom-up sensory information presented. Experiment 3 took a different approach to account for hearing acuity differences in order to study age effects on word recognition without the presence of a linguistic context. Experiment 3 demonstrated the surprising finding that incrementally increasing the onset durations of spoken words until they were correctly recognized was less effective for recognition than presenting words in single presentations with that same onset duration. The size of this effect was found to be predicted by working memory span. Taken together, the results from this dissertation not only inform our understanding of adult aging, but also can influence the development of potential strategies for improving spoken communication in older adults.

ISBN: 9781321197983Subjects--Topical Terms:

523881
Cognitive psychology.

Spoken Word Recognition: A Window into the Aging Brain and Ear.
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245 1 0 $a Spoken Word Recognition: A Window into the Aging Brain and Ear.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-02(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Arthur Wingfield.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Brandeis University, 2014.
506 $a This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
520 $a With the growing population of older adults in our society, there is a need to understand the cognitive changes and hearing impairments that often accompany adult aging. This is especially important, since both cognitive and perceptual factors are necessary for spoken communication. This dissertation contains a series of experiments designed to identify the factors underlying spoken word recognition in older adults. In three experiments, we examine the interactive and compensatory relationship of bottom-up sensory processing and top-down contextual factors as spoken words unfold in time. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of age and hearing acuity on word recognition across different degrees of constraining linguistic contexts and the potential competition from lexical alternatives that also fit the sentential context. Experiment 1 found that constraining linguistic contexts mitigated the negative effect of age and hearing loss on word recognition; however older adults' word recognition performance was influenced by the number and probability of lexical competitors that fit the semantic context. In addition to the effects of facilitative contexts, Experiment 2 examined individual differences in spoken word recognition and the use of bottom-up/top-down processing when linguistic contexts were misleading to listeners' expectations. Experiment 2 revealed that hearing acuity, inhibition, and age predicted spoken word recognition when linguistic contexts were misleading. Moreover, it was found that older adults with poor hearing acuity were more likely than older adults with good hearing to use top-down contextual information to bias their responses when identifying words even though it did not match the bottom-up sensory information presented. Experiment 3 took a different approach to account for hearing acuity differences in order to study age effects on word recognition without the presence of a linguistic context. Experiment 3 demonstrated the surprising finding that incrementally increasing the onset durations of spoken words until they were correctly recognized was less effective for recognition than presenting words in single presentations with that same onset duration. The size of this effect was found to be predicted by working memory span. Taken together, the results from this dissertation not only inform our understanding of adult aging, but also can influence the development of potential strategies for improving spoken communication in older adults.
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