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Smoke and power: The political econo...

Peng, Yali.

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Smoke and power: The political economy of Chinese tobacco.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Smoke and power: The political economy of Chinese tobacco./
作者:	Peng, Yali.
面頁冊數:	356 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 58-09, Section: A, page: 3708.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International58-09A.
標題:	Political science. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9810019
ISBN:	9780591605099

Smoke and power: The political economy of Chinese tobacco.
Peng, Yali.

Smoke and power: The political economy of Chinese tobacco. - 356 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 58-09, Section: A, page: 3708.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Oregon, 1997.

What is the role and nature of the Chinese state in the current economic reform? Does the encouragement of a market economy lead to the "retreat" of the state? This study explores these questions by examining China's tobacco industry. I argue that tobacco has come to occupy a prominent position in the Chinese political economy because fiscal decentralization has created fiscal constraints on many local governments and reduced the central state's ability of macro-management and revenue redistribution. In addition, taxes are difficult to collect because the existent institutions are inadequate. The short-term fiscal needs and high transaction costs of establishing new institutions compel the state to depend on an inefficient economic arrangement that would satisfy its immediate needs for revenue but would not facilitate economic growth in the longer term. This explains why a state monopoly on tobacco was created and tobacco has now become the number one revenue generator. As they depend on tobacco for revenue, local state officials in the less developed areas act in a predatory fashion to coerce the peasants to grow tobacco, and thus violate their right to subsistence and autonomy. In the era of economic reforms, the state continues to extract resources from the agricultural sector for the sake of urban development and regime maintenance; the state's cropping policies thus become a form of taxation. The peasants are subject to the state's domination because they are politically weak. Thus, one sees a "predatory state" trying to maximize revenue by coercion, rather than a "developmental state" engaged in entrepreneurship. The study goes on to argue that the state's dependence on and promotion of tobacco are likely to turn the industry into a powerful "big business." However, the state's dependence on tobacco also creates two oppositional forces of its own: the informal economy of cigarette contraband and counterfeit, and the informal politics of anti-smoking. One signifies a fierce competition with the state for profits from some quarters of society; the other may facilitate the development of civil society. Genuine democratization, empowerment of the peasants and further marketization are needed to solve the problems surrounding tobacco.

ISBN: 9780591605099Subjects--Topical Terms:

528916
Political science.

Smoke and power: The political economy of Chinese tobacco.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Oregon, 1997.
520 $a What is the role and nature of the Chinese state in the current economic reform? Does the encouragement of a market economy lead to the "retreat" of the state? This study explores these questions by examining China's tobacco industry. I argue that tobacco has come to occupy a prominent position in the Chinese political economy because fiscal decentralization has created fiscal constraints on many local governments and reduced the central state's ability of macro-management and revenue redistribution. In addition, taxes are difficult to collect because the existent institutions are inadequate. The short-term fiscal needs and high transaction costs of establishing new institutions compel the state to depend on an inefficient economic arrangement that would satisfy its immediate needs for revenue but would not facilitate economic growth in the longer term. This explains why a state monopoly on tobacco was created and tobacco has now become the number one revenue generator. As they depend on tobacco for revenue, local state officials in the less developed areas act in a predatory fashion to coerce the peasants to grow tobacco, and thus violate their right to subsistence and autonomy. In the era of economic reforms, the state continues to extract resources from the agricultural sector for the sake of urban development and regime maintenance; the state's cropping policies thus become a form of taxation. The peasants are subject to the state's domination because they are politically weak. Thus, one sees a "predatory state" trying to maximize revenue by coercion, rather than a "developmental state" engaged in entrepreneurship. The study goes on to argue that the state's dependence on and promotion of tobacco are likely to turn the industry into a powerful "big business." However, the state's dependence on tobacco also creates two oppositional forces of its own: the informal economy of cigarette contraband and counterfeit, and the informal politics of anti-smoking. One signifies a fierce competition with the state for profits from some quarters of society; the other may facilitate the development of civil society. Genuine democratization, empowerment of the peasants and further marketization are needed to solve the problems surrounding tobacco.
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