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Developpement methodologique et appl...

Boulay, Anne-Marie.

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Developpement methodologique et application du concept de l'empreinte eau en ACV.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Developpement methodologique et application du concept de l'empreinte eau en ACV./
作者:	Boulay, Anne-Marie.
面頁冊數:	265 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-12(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International75-12B(E).
標題:	Environmental engineering. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3582659
ISBN:	9781321208146

Developpement methodologique et application du concept de l'empreinte eau en ACV.
Boulay, Anne-Marie.

Developpement methodologique et application du concept de l'empreinte eau en ACV. - 265 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-12(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal (Canada), 2014.

Introduction. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a methodology that quantifies potential environmental impacts for comparative purposes in a decision-making context. While potential environmental impacts from pollutant emissions into water are characterized in LCA, impacts from water unavailability are not yet fully quantified. While water use can make the resource unavailable to other users by displacement (including evaporation) or quality degradation, this latter is not yet considered in existing models. A reduction in water availability to human users can potentially affect human health if users cannot adapt to meet their needs. Health impacts may occur via two main impact pathways: water-related diseases, when domestic users are deprived of water, and malnutrition, when food-producing users are deprived of water (agriculture and aquaculture/fisheries). This thesis therefore meets these five main objectives.

ISBN: 9781321208146Subjects--Topical Terms:

548583
Environmental engineering.

Developpement methodologique et application du concept de l'empreinte eau en ACV.
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100 1 $a Boulay, Anne-Marie. $3 3180917
245 1 0 $a Developpement methodologique et application du concept de l'empreinte eau en ACV.
300 $a 265 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-12(E), Section: B.
500 $a Advisers: Manuele Margni; Cecile Bulle.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal (Canada), 2014.
520 $a Introduction. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a methodology that quantifies potential environmental impacts for comparative purposes in a decision-making context. While potential environmental impacts from pollutant emissions into water are characterized in LCA, impacts from water unavailability are not yet fully quantified. While water use can make the resource unavailable to other users by displacement (including evaporation) or quality degradation, this latter is not yet considered in existing models. A reduction in water availability to human users can potentially affect human health if users cannot adapt to meet their needs. Health impacts may occur via two main impact pathways: water-related diseases, when domestic users are deprived of water, and malnutrition, when food-producing users are deprived of water (agriculture and aquaculture/fisheries). This thesis therefore meets these five main objectives.
520 $a Inventory model. In the context of this project, an inventory method is established in order to categorize water quality and thus quantify a change, and the corresponding change in functionality. Functionality is defined by the different users by which the water can be used with no risks or additional treatments. Water categories that consider water quality are therefore defined by the source (surface, ground or rain), quality parameters and users for which the water is functional. A list of parameters was defined, and thresholds for these parameters were determined for each user. Based on the quality and water sources, categories were created by grouping user requirements according to the level of microbial and toxic contamination that the user can tolerate (high, medium or low). Seventeen water categories were created: eight for surface water, eight for groundwater and one for rainwater. Each category was defined according to 136 quality parameters and the users for which it can be of use. These categories allow qualifying the water flows at the inventory level in order to be used with a model assessing potential water use impacts caused by a loss of functionality for human users.
520 $a Impact assessment model. The proposed model considers water that is withdrawn and released, its quality and scarcity in order to evaluate the loss of functionality for other users. This decrease in functionality is then multiplied by two parameters: 1) an adaptation capacity which determines how much of this decrease in water availability can be compensated through financial adaptation (ex: desalination), and 2) an effect factor to quantify the specific health impacts caused by the resulting loss that cannot be compensated for (i.e.: water-related diseases and/or malnutrition). World-wide regionalized results are presented for impacts on human health expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALY).
520 $a Model comparison. The model comparison that followed was performed on methods that describe similar impact pathways, namely water scarcity and human health impacts from water deprivation. The aim was to (i) identify the key relevant modeling choices that explain the main differences between characterization models leading to the same impact indicators; (ii) quantify the significance of the differences between methods, including the assessment of model uncertainty and (iii) discuss the main methodological choices and provide recommendations to guide method development and harmonization efforts.
520 $a The results determined the modeling choices that significantly influence the indicators and should be further analyzed and harmonized. The inclusion or exclusion of impacts from domestic user deprivation and the inclusion or exclusion of trade effects boteh influence human health impacts. At both midpoint and endpoint, the comparison showed that considering reduced water availability due to degradation in water quality, in addition to a reduction in water quantity, greatly influences results. Other choices are less significant in most regions of the world.
520 $a Case study application. The model developed is then applied to a case study on the water footprint of a laundry detergent, illustrating how the model can be integrated in the water footprint concept while complementing existing methods addressing different impact pathways. The model is also evaluated and compared to other models addressing impact pathways. A discussion on their applicability covers issues such as inventory flow definition, data availability, regionalization and inclusion of waste water treatment systems.
520 $a The concept of water footprinting as defined by the forthcoming ISO Draft Standard, is illustrated through the case study of a load of laundry using water availability and water degradation impact categories.
520 $a Model validation and uncertainty assessment. Although the model results cannot be directly validated with actual data, a partial validation of the order of magnitude can be performed by comparing the results obtained by characterizing the entire consumed water volume of a country with the model with the World Health Organization (WHO) data for water-related diseases and malnutrition. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
590 $a School code: 1105.
650 4 $a Environmental engineering. $3 548583
650 4 $a Environmental health. $3 543032
650 4 $a Water resources management. $3 794747
690 $a 0775
690 $a 0470
690 $a 0595
710 2 $a Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal (Canada). $b Genie Chimique. $3 3169940
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 75-12B(E).
790 $a 1105
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2014
793 $a French and English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3582659