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Cultivating alternative apple pollin...

Mallinger, Rachel.

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Cultivating alternative apple pollinators: Examining the contribution of wild bees to crop pollination, and the factors that influence their abundance and diversity in Wisconsin's orchards.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Cultivating alternative apple pollinators: Examining the contribution of wild bees to crop pollination, and the factors that influence their abundance and diversity in Wisconsin's orchards./
Author:	Mallinger, Rachel.
Description:	150 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-07(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International76-07B(E).
Subject:	Entomology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3683740
ISBN:	9781321584851

Cultivating alternative apple pollinators: Examining the contribution of wild bees to crop pollination, and the factors that influence their abundance and diversity in Wisconsin's orchards.
Mallinger, Rachel.

Cultivating alternative apple pollinators: Examining the contribution of wild bees to crop pollination, and the factors that influence their abundance and diversity in Wisconsin's orchards. - 150 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-07(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2015.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

North America is home to over 4,000 native, wild bee species that could replace or supplement managed honey bees for crop pollination. However, the ability of wild bees to fully pollinate crops will depend on their populations at local spatial scales. In this research, I examined the relative effects of landscape structure and pesticides on wild bee populations within orchards, and determined the contribution of both wild bees and managed honey bees to apple pollination. I sampled wild bees within 35 Wisconsin orchards over three years, and for each orchard, developed pesticide toxicity scores and measured the surrounding landscape diversity. To examine whether diverse landscapes contain complementary floral resources for bees, I measured flowers in different habitat types throughout the growing season. I additionally determined wild bees' pollination contribution by comparing apple fruit set at orchards using managed honey bees to orchards relying solely on wild bees. Wild bee abundance and species richness within orchards increased with greater landscape diversity surrounding orchards. Different habitat types, including woodlands, grasslands, and orchards, complemented one another by providing different species of flowers that bloomed at different times, and supported different wild bee communities. While total wild bee abundance and species richness within orchards were not related to orchards' pesticide toxicity scores, small-bodied bee abundance and species richness were negatively related. Furthermore, sentinel bumble bee colony growth was lower at orchards with high toxicity scores, suggesting that responses to pesticide use may vary across bee taxa and life history traits. Apples were highly dependent on pollinators, but fruit set was not greater at orchards with managed honey bees. However, fruit set did increase with higher wild bee species richness. Honey bees displayed behaviors of ineffective pollinators, including foraging for nectar only and making numerous sequential visits to flowers on the same tree, while wild bees more frequently collected pollen and foraged across apple trees, thereby potentially cross-pollinating. My research suggests that conserving a species rich wild bee community will have positive effects on apple pollination, and that this may be achieved through maintaining a diversity of complementary habitat types within the landscape.

ISBN: 9781321584851Subjects--Topical Terms:

615844
Entomology.

Cultivating alternative apple pollinators: Examining the contribution of wild bees to crop pollination, and the factors that influence their abundance and diversity in Wisconsin's orchards.
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520 $a North America is home to over 4,000 native, wild bee species that could replace or supplement managed honey bees for crop pollination. However, the ability of wild bees to fully pollinate crops will depend on their populations at local spatial scales. In this research, I examined the relative effects of landscape structure and pesticides on wild bee populations within orchards, and determined the contribution of both wild bees and managed honey bees to apple pollination. I sampled wild bees within 35 Wisconsin orchards over three years, and for each orchard, developed pesticide toxicity scores and measured the surrounding landscape diversity. To examine whether diverse landscapes contain complementary floral resources for bees, I measured flowers in different habitat types throughout the growing season. I additionally determined wild bees' pollination contribution by comparing apple fruit set at orchards using managed honey bees to orchards relying solely on wild bees. Wild bee abundance and species richness within orchards increased with greater landscape diversity surrounding orchards. Different habitat types, including woodlands, grasslands, and orchards, complemented one another by providing different species of flowers that bloomed at different times, and supported different wild bee communities. While total wild bee abundance and species richness within orchards were not related to orchards' pesticide toxicity scores, small-bodied bee abundance and species richness were negatively related. Furthermore, sentinel bumble bee colony growth was lower at orchards with high toxicity scores, suggesting that responses to pesticide use may vary across bee taxa and life history traits. Apples were highly dependent on pollinators, but fruit set was not greater at orchards with managed honey bees. However, fruit set did increase with higher wild bee species richness. Honey bees displayed behaviors of ineffective pollinators, including foraging for nectar only and making numerous sequential visits to flowers on the same tree, while wild bees more frequently collected pollen and foraged across apple trees, thereby potentially cross-pollinating. My research suggests that conserving a species rich wild bee community will have positive effects on apple pollination, and that this may be achieved through maintaining a diversity of complementary habitat types within the landscape.
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