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Local Adaptation in Growth in a Wide...

Gao, Jin.

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Local Adaptation in Growth in a Widely Distributed Fish.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Local Adaptation in Growth in a Widely Distributed Fish./
Author:	Gao, Jin.
Description:	179 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 74-10(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International74-10B(E).
Subject:	Ecology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3564220
ISBN:	9781303129513

Local Adaptation in Growth in a Widely Distributed Fish.
Gao, Jin.

Local Adaptation in Growth in a Widely Distributed Fish. - 179 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 74-10(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2013.

This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

Rates of survival and reproductive output tend to increase with size in many organisms. It follows, then, that individuals that grow faster will reap these benefits of large size earlier in life and thereby have higher lifetime fitness. However, local adaptation in growth rate has been observed in many organisms in nature. Recent studies have shown that fast growth in early life history does indeed promote increased survival. Several theories have been proposed to explain the observed phenomena. The dissertation focuses applies an integrative approach to understand local adaptation in growth rate in Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia), an ideal model marine fish species.

ISBN: 9781303129513Subjects--Topical Terms:

516476
Ecology.

Local Adaptation in Growth in a Widely Distributed Fish.
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100 1 $a Gao, Jin. $3 3175774
245 1 0 $a Local Adaptation in Growth in a Widely Distributed Fish.
300 $a 179 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 74-10(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Stephan B. Munch.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Stony Brook, 2013.
506 $a This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
520 $a Rates of survival and reproductive output tend to increase with size in many organisms. It follows, then, that individuals that grow faster will reap these benefits of large size earlier in life and thereby have higher lifetime fitness. However, local adaptation in growth rate has been observed in many organisms in nature. Recent studies have shown that fast growth in early life history does indeed promote increased survival. Several theories have been proposed to explain the observed phenomena. The dissertation focuses applies an integrative approach to understand local adaptation in growth rate in Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia), an ideal model marine fish species.
520 $a The first theme is to test the hypothesis that growth in the larval phase is driven almost entirely by the environment. Under this `low heritability' hypothesis, there is almost no genetic basis to the larval growth, thus the apparent selection for large size in the early life history has no evolutionary consequences. Patterns of local adaptation in growth result from the selection operating later in the life history. The question of whether low heritability can account for local adaptation by estimating the genetic variance, maternal and environmental contributions to growth rates over the first 15 days post hatch were addressed.
520 $a The second aim of the dissertation is to estimate the genetic correlations among sizes at age. Genetic correlations can act as constraints to evolutionary trajectories. Selection is essentially a multivariate phenomenon and acts like simultaneous selection on the sizes at a multiple ages. A full-factorial mating design was used to examine the genetic variance in and the heritability of size at age through the first 200 days at which the fish mature. The function-valued trait approach was employed to estimate the genetic variance-covariance function and subsequently the heritability change over time.
520 $a The third project compiled dataset from a much broader experiment by Dr. Conover's group and the genetic correlations estimated in the quantitative genetics project. Specifically, the within population and the phenotypic correlation among populations were compared across the geographic range of the species. Since that it has been suggested that phenotypic correlation and genetic correlation are close enough to be used in predicting the rate and direction of contemporary evolution, in this chapter, we compared the genetic correlations among length and vertebrae number in M. menidia in New York populations and phenotypic correlations among those traits in multiple populations from the entire natural range of this species.
520 $a Lastly, we tested whether there are long-term trade-offs between growth rate and other key fitness-related traits. Fish have indeterministic growth, thus can theoretically allocate the excessive energy from somatic maintenance to either reproduction or growth. Whether there is apparent trade-off among those vital fitness components has not been tested in M.menidia. Recent advances in molecular biology provide new tools to quantify rate of senescence at individual level as the rate of telomere shortening. In this chapter, I used the lab-reared fish to detect the correlation among growth, fecundity and the rate of telomere shortening.
590 $a School code: 0771.
650 4 $a Ecology. $3 516476
650 4 $a Aquatic sciences. $3 3174300
650 4 $a Evolution & development. $3 3172418
690 $a 0329
690 $a 0792
690 $a 0412
710 2 $a State University of New York at Stony Brook. $b Ecology and Evolution. $3 1675611
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 74-10B(E).
790 $a 0771
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2013
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3564220