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Dietary Alpha Tocopherol in Poultry:...

Perez, Dale M.

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Dietary Alpha Tocopherol in Poultry: Investigating Mechanisms that Influence Tissue Accumulation, Metabolism, and Muscle Lipid Oxidation.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Dietary Alpha Tocopherol in Poultry: Investigating Mechanisms that Influence Tissue Accumulation, Metabolism, and Muscle Lipid Oxidation./
Author:	Perez, Dale M.
Description:	190 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-01(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International76-01B(E).
Subject:	Animal sciences. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3636234
ISBN:	9781321177282

Dietary Alpha Tocopherol in Poultry: Investigating Mechanisms that Influence Tissue Accumulation, Metabolism, and Muscle Lipid Oxidation.
Perez, Dale M.

Dietary Alpha Tocopherol in Poultry: Investigating Mechanisms that Influence Tissue Accumulation, Metabolism, and Muscle Lipid Oxidation. - 190 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-01(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2014.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Turkey muscle is more prone to lipid oxidation than chicken muscle, which can be partly attributed to decreased accumulations of alpha tocopherol (AT) in muscle of turkeys relative to chickens. Tocopherol metabolites were measured in turkey and chicken bile and the concentrations in both species were highly variable. AT concentrations of turkey muscle were 2-fold less than chickens when corresponding bile tocopherol metabolites were 3 to 10-fold greater in turkeys relative to chickens. RNA-Seq revealed increased gene expression of cytochrome P450s in turkey liver relative to chicken liver. CYP 2C45 gene expression was 16-fold greater in turkeys relative to chickens. Evidence suggests that CYP 2C45 is a candidate for vitamin E metabolism in poultry. Genes involved in cholesterol and bile acid synthesis were also up-regulated in turkeys relative to chickens; however, total bile acids and cholesterol concentrations did not differ in turkeys and chickens at 5 weeks of age. A 5-fold increase in the amount of all-racemic alpha tocopheryl acetate (AcT) supplemented to poultry increased the AT concentrations of tissues 2 to 5-fold. The supplementation of RRR-AcT was approximately 1.93 times more effective at accumulating AT in muscle than all-racemic AcT. Residual erythrocytes in muscle can influence lipid oxidation by lysing and releasing hemoglobin. Washed chicken erythrocytes promoted lipid oxidation more rapidly than turkey erythrocytes in a washed muscle system, in spite of having vitamin E concentrations 3-fold greater than turkeys. However, turkey erythrocytes were more prone to detergent induced hemolysis than chicken erythrocytes. The potential exists for turkey erythrocytes to be less stable than chicken erythrocytes. It is unlikely that catalase activity and unsaturation of lipids contributed to differences in turkey and chicken erythrocyte stability. Factors such as vitamin E and heme protein concentrations influence lipid oxidation, but chickens were more resistant to lipid oxidation than turkey erythrocytes even when vitamin E and protein concentrations were equivalent in chickens and turkeys. Species differences in the ability of turkeys and chickens to accumulate vitamin E exist. Methods to increase tissue accumulations of vitamin E in poultry muscle are an effective way to delay the onset of lipid oxidation.

ISBN: 9781321177282Subjects--Topical Terms:

3174829
Animal sciences.

Dietary Alpha Tocopherol in Poultry: Investigating Mechanisms that Influence Tissue Accumulation, Metabolism, and Muscle Lipid Oxidation.
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245 1 0 $a Dietary Alpha Tocopherol in Poultry: Investigating Mechanisms that Influence Tissue Accumulation, Metabolism, and Muscle Lipid Oxidation.
300 $a 190 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-01(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Mark P. Richards.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2014.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
506 $a This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.
520 $a Turkey muscle is more prone to lipid oxidation than chicken muscle, which can be partly attributed to decreased accumulations of alpha tocopherol (AT) in muscle of turkeys relative to chickens. Tocopherol metabolites were measured in turkey and chicken bile and the concentrations in both species were highly variable. AT concentrations of turkey muscle were 2-fold less than chickens when corresponding bile tocopherol metabolites were 3 to 10-fold greater in turkeys relative to chickens. RNA-Seq revealed increased gene expression of cytochrome P450s in turkey liver relative to chicken liver. CYP 2C45 gene expression was 16-fold greater in turkeys relative to chickens. Evidence suggests that CYP 2C45 is a candidate for vitamin E metabolism in poultry. Genes involved in cholesterol and bile acid synthesis were also up-regulated in turkeys relative to chickens; however, total bile acids and cholesterol concentrations did not differ in turkeys and chickens at 5 weeks of age. A 5-fold increase in the amount of all-racemic alpha tocopheryl acetate (AcT) supplemented to poultry increased the AT concentrations of tissues 2 to 5-fold. The supplementation of RRR-AcT was approximately 1.93 times more effective at accumulating AT in muscle than all-racemic AcT. Residual erythrocytes in muscle can influence lipid oxidation by lysing and releasing hemoglobin. Washed chicken erythrocytes promoted lipid oxidation more rapidly than turkey erythrocytes in a washed muscle system, in spite of having vitamin E concentrations 3-fold greater than turkeys. However, turkey erythrocytes were more prone to detergent induced hemolysis than chicken erythrocytes. The potential exists for turkey erythrocytes to be less stable than chicken erythrocytes. It is unlikely that catalase activity and unsaturation of lipids contributed to differences in turkey and chicken erythrocyte stability. Factors such as vitamin E and heme protein concentrations influence lipid oxidation, but chickens were more resistant to lipid oxidation than turkey erythrocytes even when vitamin E and protein concentrations were equivalent in chickens and turkeys. Species differences in the ability of turkeys and chickens to accumulate vitamin E exist. Methods to increase tissue accumulations of vitamin E in poultry muscle are an effective way to delay the onset of lipid oxidation.
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