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Conception, prototypage et evaluatio...

Petit, Gregory.

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Conception, prototypage et evaluation d'un systeme pour l'exploration audio-tactile et spatiale de pages web par des utilisateurs non-voyants.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Conception, prototypage et evaluation d'un systeme pour l'exploration audio-tactile et spatiale de pages web par des utilisateurs non-voyants./
作者:	Petit, Gregory.
面頁冊數:	219 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-12(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International75-12B(E).
標題:	Industrial engineering. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3582709
ISBN:	9781321210330

Conception, prototypage et evaluation d'un systeme pour l'exploration audio-tactile et spatiale de pages web par des utilisateurs non-voyants.
Petit, Gregory.

Conception, prototypage et evaluation d'un systeme pour l'exploration audio-tactile et spatiale de pages web par des utilisateurs non-voyants. - 219 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-12(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal (Canada), 2013.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

The emergence of new technologies and the online world changed the way we access information. This apparent ease of access to information is however far from the reality of people with disabilities. The emergence of new technologies and the online world have created new situations of handicap for them. This thesis focuses on situations of handicap faced by blind people when they browse Web pages. Fortunately, appropriate technologies are currently available for blind people wishing to access the World Wide Web: screen readers. These systems allow a linear exploration of a Web page, using audio feedback generated by speech synthesis. This adaptation greatly improves Web accessibility but also creates a lot of frustration. This frustration is mainly produced by noncompliance with accessibility guidelines in several Web sites, as well as the strictly linear presentation of information by screen readers. The goal of our research is to improve access to the Web for blind users, offering them an alternative to linear exploration: spatial exploration of Web pages, i.e. with tactile and audible feedbacks. Through spatial exploration, we want to override some accessibility issues in Web pages, give a better overall picture of the pages, and give a better connection between linked information in these pages. Our main hypothesis is: Spatial exploration of a Web site is more effective and more efficient than linear exploration for blind users..

ISBN: 9781321210330Subjects--Topical Terms:

526216
Industrial engineering.

Conception, prototypage et evaluation d'un systeme pour l'exploration audio-tactile et spatiale de pages web par des utilisateurs non-voyants.
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245 1 0 $a Conception, prototypage et evaluation d'un systeme pour l'exploration audio-tactile et spatiale de pages web par des utilisateurs non-voyants.
300 $a 219 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-12(E), Section: B.
500 $a Advisers: Jean-Marc Robert; Aude Dufresne.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal (Canada), 2013.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
506 $a This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.
520 $a The emergence of new technologies and the online world changed the way we access information. This apparent ease of access to information is however far from the reality of people with disabilities. The emergence of new technologies and the online world have created new situations of handicap for them. This thesis focuses on situations of handicap faced by blind people when they browse Web pages. Fortunately, appropriate technologies are currently available for blind people wishing to access the World Wide Web: screen readers. These systems allow a linear exploration of a Web page, using audio feedback generated by speech synthesis. This adaptation greatly improves Web accessibility but also creates a lot of frustration. This frustration is mainly produced by noncompliance with accessibility guidelines in several Web sites, as well as the strictly linear presentation of information by screen readers. The goal of our research is to improve access to the Web for blind users, offering them an alternative to linear exploration: spatial exploration of Web pages, i.e. with tactile and audible feedbacks. Through spatial exploration, we want to override some accessibility issues in Web pages, give a better overall picture of the pages, and give a better connection between linked information in these pages. Our main hypothesis is: Spatial exploration of a Web site is more effective and more efficient than linear exploration for blind users..
520 $a Spatial exploration is done through TactoWeb, a multimodal Web browser we developed. TactoWeb is controlled by the Tactograph, a tactile feedback device producing undulations and vibrations, depending on where the cursor is on the Web page. Audio feedback is a combination between speech synthesis and a set of earcons. This multimodal approach allows the user to recreate connections between the different elements composing a Web page that could have disappeared during the linearization of the information. Before designing our system, we identified the strengths and weaknesses of screen readers. The thesis presents the process of designing our multimodal Web browser, and improving the hardware we used. A training tutorial was designed to guide blind users in spatial exploration. Then, we evaluate our system using a comparative study. This study takes the form of an experiment comparing JAWS, a screen reader using linear exploration, with TactoWeb, our browser allowing spatial exploration.
520 $a The study involves 14 blind participants and highlights the different aspects of space exploration that reduce handicap situations encountered when browsing Web pages. To do so, we studied the success rate, the difficulty and the execution time for eight tasks performed with both types of exploration.
520 $a The study invalidated our main hypothesis. The two types of exploration are in fact as effective as each other, but linear exploration is more efficient thanks to a shorter execution time. This efficiency difference could be explained by the fact that participants had much more experience with the linear exploration tool than with the spatial exploration tool, which is limited to the time they used our tutorial (average of 38 min) and to the duration of the experiment. Moreover, one must take into account the difference of maturity between the two tools. Our main hypothesis is not validated but it could be different when TactoWeb will have greater maturity and when participants will have more experience with our tool. However we obtain a similar effectiveness despite the difference of user experience among the participants and the difference of maturity between the two tools, and this is a major positive point for spatial exploration. Learning spatial exploration seems to take a lot less time than learning linear exploration. Moreover, spatial exploration generates less difficulty when filling out a form, as well as a similar execution time as the linear exploration for tasks of this type is made in non-accessible Web sites. Also, differences in execution time between the two types of exploration are generally smaller in the tasks performed in non-accessible Web sites than those made in accessible Web sites. Even if spatial exploration improves Web accessibility for blind people in some situations of handicap (non-compliance with the logical reading order in the code, no association between a field and its label in forms), the TactoWeb browser can be improved. The horizontal exploration could be more guided and the quality of speech synthesis greatly improved.
520 $a Finally, if we look at the overall results of our experiment, we realize that linear exploration seems more relevant when it comes to navigating between the different pages of the same Web site, and spatial exploration seems more relevant when exploring in a single Web page. So the two types of exploration seem to be complementary. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
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