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The evolutionary psychology of ethni...

Gil-White, Francisco Jose.

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The evolutionary psychology of ethnicity.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The evolutionary psychology of ethnicity./
Author:	Gil-White, Francisco Jose.
Description:	270 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 63-01, Section: A, page: 2490.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International63-01A.
Subject:	Cultural anthropology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3040233
ISBN:	9780493536392

The evolutionary psychology of ethnicity.
Gil-White, Francisco Jose.

The evolutionary psychology of ethnicity. - 270 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 63-01, Section: A, page: 2490.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2002.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

How does the human brain intuitively process ethnic categories, and why? Specifically, why are ethnies apparently essentialized as 'natural' categories by ordinary humans? Investigations were conducted in the multi-ethnic district of Bulgan Sum, Hovd Province, Republic of Mongolia, with local populations of Torguuds and Kazakhs, to determine how ordinary people reason about their ethnic categories. Methods used include participant/observation, cognitive and economic field experiments, as well as structured and unstructured interviews. It was found that (1) membership in an ethnie is primarily a matter of biological descent from other members---one's acquired culture matters little; (2) members of an ethnic category are essentialized---one expects that they will behave in ways particular to the ethnie of their biological parents even with no developmental exposure to that ethnie or even knowledge of this ancestry; and (3) clan categories are apparently not processed in this manner. I defend the theory that ethnic and biological species categories mobilize the same cognitive resources because ethnies 'look' like species to ordinary human perception and intuitions. I give an evolutionary argument for this superficial similarity, and I explore the theory's implications for our understanding of ethnic prejudice, ethnogenesis, and mobilization. The debate between 'primordialists' and 'circumstantialists' is re-examined and cast in a light that helps distinguish between the perspective of an analyst and that of an ordinary ethnic actor. The latter, it is argued, are naive primordialists. Data advanced about the cognition of putative 'races' in Brazil is also revisited, and it is suggested that in light of the present set of results, and of the present theory, the consensus that Brazilians think about race in a radically different way from (say) Americans, cannot yet be accepted. Finally, an Ultimatum Game was conducted to explore how the effect of ethnic category membership affects strategic economic choices. The in-group favoritism bias which was expected on the basis of the social-psychological literature on 'minimal groups' did not materialize (but this literature has not investigated economic decisions with ethnic-category manipulations). This seemingly surprising result can easily be reconciled with the theory defended here.

ISBN: 9780493536392Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122764
Cultural anthropology.

The evolutionary psychology of ethnicity.
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100 1 $a Gil-White, Francisco Jose. $3 3172196
245 1 4 $a The evolutionary psychology of ethnicity.
300 $a 270 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 63-01, Section: A, page: 2490.
500 $a Chair: Robert Boyd.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2002.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
506 $a This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.
520 $a How does the human brain intuitively process ethnic categories, and why? Specifically, why are ethnies apparently essentialized as 'natural' categories by ordinary humans? Investigations were conducted in the multi-ethnic district of Bulgan Sum, Hovd Province, Republic of Mongolia, with local populations of Torguuds and Kazakhs, to determine how ordinary people reason about their ethnic categories. Methods used include participant/observation, cognitive and economic field experiments, as well as structured and unstructured interviews. It was found that (1) membership in an ethnie is primarily a matter of biological descent from other members---one's acquired culture matters little; (2) members of an ethnic category are essentialized---one expects that they will behave in ways particular to the ethnie of their biological parents even with no developmental exposure to that ethnie or even knowledge of this ancestry; and (3) clan categories are apparently not processed in this manner. I defend the theory that ethnic and biological species categories mobilize the same cognitive resources because ethnies 'look' like species to ordinary human perception and intuitions. I give an evolutionary argument for this superficial similarity, and I explore the theory's implications for our understanding of ethnic prejudice, ethnogenesis, and mobilization. The debate between 'primordialists' and 'circumstantialists' is re-examined and cast in a light that helps distinguish between the perspective of an analyst and that of an ordinary ethnic actor. The latter, it is argued, are naive primordialists. Data advanced about the cognition of putative 'races' in Brazil is also revisited, and it is suggested that in light of the present set of results, and of the present theory, the consensus that Brazilians think about race in a radically different way from (say) Americans, cannot yet be accepted. Finally, an Ultimatum Game was conducted to explore how the effect of ethnic category membership affects strategic economic choices. The in-group favoritism bias which was expected on the basis of the social-psychological literature on 'minimal groups' did not materialize (but this literature has not investigated economic decisions with ethnic-category manipulations). This seemingly surprising result can easily be reconciled with the theory defended here.
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