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Evaluation of diagnostic tests for d...

Lavers, Carrie J.

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Evaluation of diagnostic tests for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) at the herd-level and cow-level.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Evaluation of diagnostic tests for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) at the herd-level and cow-level./
作者:	Lavers, Carrie J.
面頁冊數:	226 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-07(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International75-07B(E).
標題:	Biology, Veterinary Science. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=NS00458
ISBN:	9780499004581

Evaluation of diagnostic tests for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) at the herd-level and cow-level.
Lavers, Carrie J.

Evaluation of diagnostic tests for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) at the herd-level and cow-level. - 226 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-07(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Prince Edward Island (Canada), 2014.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate herd and cow-level Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) diagnostic tests within non-infected and low to moderate within-herd prevalence MAP-infected herds. Specific objectives were to estimate herd-level sensitivity and specificity of environmental culture and milk ELISA, determine predictors influencing herd test characteristics, evaluate cow-level test characteristics and between-test agreement of commercial milk ELISAs, and quantify additional diagnostic information gained from repeating a milk ELISA test.

ISBN: 9780499004581Subjects--Topical Terms:

1021733
Biology, Veterinary Science.

Evaluation of diagnostic tests for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) at the herd-level and cow-level.
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245 1 0 $a Evaluation of diagnostic tests for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) at the herd-level and cow-level.
300 $a 226 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-07(E), Section: B.
500 $a Advisers: Greg Keefe; Shawn McKenna.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Prince Edward Island (Canada), 2014.
520 $a The purpose of this research was to evaluate herd and cow-level Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) diagnostic tests within non-infected and low to moderate within-herd prevalence MAP-infected herds. Specific objectives were to estimate herd-level sensitivity and specificity of environmental culture and milk ELISA, determine predictors influencing herd test characteristics, evaluate cow-level test characteristics and between-test agreement of commercial milk ELISAs, and quantify additional diagnostic information gained from repeating a milk ELISA test.
520 $a A longitudinal study was conducted between May 2009 and February 2011 on 34 dairy herds from Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. Environmental manure samples were collected every 3 mo, and cow manure and milk samples were collected from all lactating cows in the herd every 6 mo. Pooled fecal culture was used to establish MAP herd status. Individual fecal culture from cows within positive fecal culture pools was used to determine apparent within-herd MAP prevalence. Cow and environmental manure samples were cultured in a broth system, with confirmatory PCR targeting the hspX gene. Milk samples were analyzed using 3 commercial milk ELISAs. For herd-level statistical analyses, pseudogold standard methods were applied (herd reference: repeated pooled fecal culture). For cow-level test characteristics, pseudogold standard methods (reference: fecal culture) and latent class analyses were performed. Generalized estimating equation models accounted for repeated measures.
520 $a Herd sensitivity of environmental culture was 71%, and specificity was 99%. Herd sensitivity of 3 milk ELISAs ranged from 56 -- 63%, and herd specificity from 80 -- 96%. Herd sensitivity of both environmental culture and milk ELISA improved as within-herd MAP prevalence increased. However, environmental culture sensitivity was higher at lower within-herd prevalence than herd milk ELISA tests, indicating environmental culture is a more appropriate test to detect low-prevalence herds. The proportion of positive samples within an environmental culture set was positively associated with within-herd MAP prevalence, establishing that environmental culture provides an estimation of within-herd prevalence for further risk management decisions.
520 $a Evaluation of cow-level milk ELISA results revealed between-test agreement was low for positive ELISA tests. Cow-level milk ELISA sensitivities ranged from 28 -- 35%, and specificities from 99 -- 100%, and were not different for pseudogold standard methods or latent class models. Likelihood ratios indicated that cows with ELISA results in the uppermost quantitative category had a greater likelihood of MAP fecal shedding, necessitating specific management strategies for these cows. When a milk ELISA test was repeated 12 mo later, sensitivity increased from 26% for the initial test only, to 45% for the combined tests, while specificity decreased minimally. A repeated milk ELISA test substantially improves the probability to detect a MAP-infected cow, and should be considered for a herd control program.
520 $a Development of effective herd and cow-level paratuberculosis testing programs is essential for the implementation of a successful MAP control program. Our herd-level analyses provide an estimation of the impact of within-herd prevalence on herd test characteristics, which will assist in selection of appropriate herd tests. Our cow-level ELISA analyses provide test characteristics of commercially available ELISAs, and extend the use of ELISA results beyond a single dichotomous outcome. Consideration of our quantitative ELISA results and interpretation of repeat ELISA tests will further improve management recommendations for the development of successful MAP control programs.
590 $a School code: 1108.
650 4 $a Biology, Veterinary Science. $3 1021733
690 $a 0778
710 2 $a University of Prince Edward Island (Canada). $3 1017636
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 75-07B(E).
790 $a 1108
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2014
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=NS00458