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Methane Emissions and Ammonia Volati...

Rogers, Christopher Wade.

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Methane Emissions and Ammonia Volatilization from Drill-Seeded, Delayed-Flood Rice on a Silt-Loam Soil in Arkansas.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Methane Emissions and Ammonia Volatilization from Drill-Seeded, Delayed-Flood Rice on a Silt-Loam Soil in Arkansas./
Author:	Rogers, Christopher Wade.
Description:	154 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-08(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International75-08B(E).
Subject:	Agriculture, Soil Science. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3617378
ISBN:	9781303847578

Methane Emissions and Ammonia Volatilization from Drill-Seeded, Delayed-Flood Rice on a Silt-Loam Soil in Arkansas.
Rogers, Christopher Wade.

Methane Emissions and Ammonia Volatilization from Drill-Seeded, Delayed-Flood Rice on a Silt-Loam Soil in Arkansas. - 154 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-08(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Arkansas, 2014.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) currently uses a single methane (CH4) emissions factor of 160 kg CH4-C ha -1 for a primary rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop. The emissions factor is based on studies that do not adequately represent current management practices in Arkansas. Another concern is pre-flood fertilizer nitrogen (N) management, as the common N source, urea, is prone to loss via ammonia (NH3) volatilization. Thus, the objective of this research was to investigate trace gas emissions from rice on a silt-loam soil, including CH 4 emissions as influenced by nitrogen (N) fertilization (i.e., optimal N and no N) in 2011, and previous crop [i.e., soybean (Glycine max L.) or rice] and cultivar (i.e., semi-dwarf, standard-stature, and hybrid) in 2012, and to assess the impact on grain yield of ammonia (NH 3) volatilization from preflood urea application with and without the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). A chamber-based method was used to measure methane fluxes and linear interpolation and numerical integration between individual sample dates was performed to determine seasonal emissions. Ammonia volatilization was measured using semi-open static chambers. In 2011, no differences (P > 0.05) were measured in CH 4 emissions due to N fertilization where mean annual emissions were 195 kg CH4-C ha-1. Methane emissions in 2012 were greater (P < 0.05) when rice was the previous crop (184 kg CH4-C ha-1) compared to when soybean was the previous crop (127 kg CH4-C ha-1), and emissions were greater from the semi-dwarf pure-line cultivar (169 kg CH4-C ha-1) and standard-stature pure-line cultivars (186 kg CH 4-C ha-1), which did not differ, compared to the hybrid cultivar (111 kg CH4-C ha-1). Ammonia volatilization was reduced (P < 0.05) and grain yield increased when using NBPT compared to untreated urea. Methane results suggest the EPA's emissions factor potentially overestimates CH4 emissions in Arkansas, as 70% of rice production follows soybean and 50% of production is from hybrid rice. Results also indicate NH3 volatilization can be reduced by the usage of NBPT. Thus, trace gas emissions measurements from rice will improve long-term sustainability assessments of rice.

ISBN: 9781303847578Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017824
Agriculture, Soil Science.

Methane Emissions and Ammonia Volatilization from Drill-Seeded, Delayed-Flood Rice on a Silt-Loam Soil in Arkansas.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-08(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Richard J. Norman.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Arkansas, 2014.
520 $a The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) currently uses a single methane (CH4) emissions factor of 160 kg CH4-C ha -1 for a primary rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop. The emissions factor is based on studies that do not adequately represent current management practices in Arkansas. Another concern is pre-flood fertilizer nitrogen (N) management, as the common N source, urea, is prone to loss via ammonia (NH3) volatilization. Thus, the objective of this research was to investigate trace gas emissions from rice on a silt-loam soil, including CH 4 emissions as influenced by nitrogen (N) fertilization (i.e., optimal N and no N) in 2011, and previous crop [i.e., soybean (Glycine max L.) or rice] and cultivar (i.e., semi-dwarf, standard-stature, and hybrid) in 2012, and to assess the impact on grain yield of ammonia (NH 3) volatilization from preflood urea application with and without the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). A chamber-based method was used to measure methane fluxes and linear interpolation and numerical integration between individual sample dates was performed to determine seasonal emissions. Ammonia volatilization was measured using semi-open static chambers. In 2011, no differences (P > 0.05) were measured in CH 4 emissions due to N fertilization where mean annual emissions were 195 kg CH4-C ha-1. Methane emissions in 2012 were greater (P < 0.05) when rice was the previous crop (184 kg CH4-C ha-1) compared to when soybean was the previous crop (127 kg CH4-C ha-1), and emissions were greater from the semi-dwarf pure-line cultivar (169 kg CH4-C ha-1) and standard-stature pure-line cultivars (186 kg CH 4-C ha-1), which did not differ, compared to the hybrid cultivar (111 kg CH4-C ha-1). Ammonia volatilization was reduced (P < 0.05) and grain yield increased when using NBPT compared to untreated urea. Methane results suggest the EPA's emissions factor potentially overestimates CH4 emissions in Arkansas, as 70% of rice production follows soybean and 50% of production is from hybrid rice. Results also indicate NH3 volatilization can be reduced by the usage of NBPT. Thus, trace gas emissions measurements from rice will improve long-term sustainability assessments of rice.
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