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Plastic and Priority Pollutants: A M...

Rochman, Chelsea Marina.

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Plastic and Priority Pollutants: A Multiple Stressor in Aquatic Habitats.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Plastic and Priority Pollutants: A Multiple Stressor in Aquatic Habitats./
Author:	Rochman, Chelsea Marina.
Description:	212 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-01(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International75-01B(E).
Subject:	Biology, Ecology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3596943
ISBN:	9781303443732

Plastic and Priority Pollutants: A Multiple Stressor in Aquatic Habitats.
Rochman, Chelsea Marina.

Plastic and Priority Pollutants: A Multiple Stressor in Aquatic Habitats. - 212 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-01(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2013.

Plastic debris litters our planet and can harm wildlife physically and chemically. Large debris entangles organisms and small fragments bioaccumulate. Several ingredients of plastic are hazardous and in aquatic habitats plastic debris sorbs priority pollutants from water. Thus, plastic debris is associated with a complex chemical mixture, including the material itself, ingredients and ambient contaminants. Here, we assessed how plastic debris acts as a multiple stressor in aquatic habitats.

ISBN: 9781303443732Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017726
Biology, Ecology.

Plastic and Priority Pollutants: A Multiple Stressor in Aquatic Habitats.
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020 $a 9781303443732
035 $a (MiAaPQ)AAI3596943
035 $a AAI3596943
040 $a MiAaPQ $c MiAaPQ
100 1 $a Rochman, Chelsea Marina. $3 2104689
245 1 0 $a Plastic and Priority Pollutants: A Multiple Stressor in Aquatic Habitats.
300 $a 212 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-01(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Swee J. Teh.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2013.
520 $a Plastic debris litters our planet and can harm wildlife physically and chemically. Large debris entangles organisms and small fragments bioaccumulate. Several ingredients of plastic are hazardous and in aquatic habitats plastic debris sorbs priority pollutants from water. Thus, plastic debris is associated with a complex chemical mixture, including the material itself, ingredients and ambient contaminants. Here, we assessed how plastic debris acts as a multiple stressor in aquatic habitats.
520 $a First, we quantified the relationship between different polymers and chemical contaminants in an urban bay. For organics, HDPE, LDPE and PP sorbed consistently greater concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) than PET and PVC. In contrast, for metals, all types of plastic tended to sorb similar concentrations of aluminum, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, cadmium and lead. Over a 12-month period, concentrations of all contaminants increased over time. Thus, hazards are not equal among plastic debris, varying by polymer, location and the length of time since becoming debris.
520 $a Next, we exposed fish to low-density polyethylene (which sorbed relatively large concentrations of chemical contaminants) to assess the hazards of this complex mixture. After a laboratory dietary exposure, Japanese medaka ( Oryzias latipes) exposed to the mixture of plastic + pollutants had greater concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in their tissues (P < 0.05) and suffered liver toxicity and pathology. Furthermore, our results suggest that plastic debris may cause endocrine disruption---we observed reduced expression of vitellogenin and choriogenin genes and intersex. Moreover, fish fed virgin polyethylene material showed signs of stress, confirming that future assessments should consider the complex mixture of plastic and pollutants.
520 $a Next, we examined the relationship between bioaccumulation and plastic contamination in the South Atlantic and found a positive relationship between plastic density and concentrations of PBDEs in the tissue of mesopelagic fish. This suggests that the bioaccumulation observed in the laboratory occurs in nature, and that plastic debris is another vector for pollutants to contaminate aquatic foodwebs.
520 $a Finally, we evaluated the existing chemical, toxicological and ecological evidence about hazards of plastic debris and priority pollutants and found that at least 78% of the priority pollutants listed by the US EPA are associated with plastic debris as an ingredient or sorbed from the environment. The culmination of this and our own findings led us to conclude that current consumer practices and policy for managing plastic is scientifically outdated. We recommend reclassifying classes of plastic debris as "hazardous", providing a relatively simple mechanism, using existing legislation, to rehabilitate affected habitats and prevent further accumulations of hazardous debris.
590 $a School code: 0029.
650 4 $a Biology, Ecology. $3 1017726
650 4 $a Environmental Sciences. $3 676987
650 4 $a Health Sciences, Toxicology. $3 1017752
690 $a 0329
690 $a 0768
690 $a 0383
710 2 $a University of California, Davis. $b Ecology. $3 1678659
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 75-01B(E).
790 $a 0029
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2013
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3596943