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Integrating Occupational Health into...

Scanlon, Kelly Ann.

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Integrating Occupational Health into Life Cycle Assessment.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Integrating Occupational Health into Life Cycle Assessment./
作者:	Scanlon, Kelly Ann.
面頁冊數:	129 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 74-06(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International74-06B(E).
標題:	Health Sciences, Occupational Health and Safety. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3551748
ISBN:	9781267898319

Integrating Occupational Health into Life Cycle Assessment.
Scanlon, Kelly Ann.

Integrating Occupational Health into Life Cycle Assessment. - 129 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 74-06(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Dr.P.H.)--The George Washington University, 2013.

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a systems-based method used to determine potential impacts to human health and the environment associated with a product throughout its life cycle. Conclusions from LCA studies can be applied to support decisions regarding product design or public policy, therefore, all relevant inputs (e.g., raw materials, energy) and outputs (e.g., emissions, waste) to the product system should be evaluated to estimate impacts. However, work-related impacts to human health are not considered in LCA. Integrating occupational health into LCA will provide opportunities to prevent shifting of impacts between the work environment and the environment external to the workplace.

ISBN: 9781267898319Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017799
Health Sciences, Occupational Health and Safety.

Integrating Occupational Health into Life Cycle Assessment.
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245 1 0 $a Integrating Occupational Health into Life Cycle Assessment.
300 $a 129 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 74-06(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Peter LaPuma.
502 $a Thesis (Dr.P.H.)--The George Washington University, 2013.
520 $a Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a systems-based method used to determine potential impacts to human health and the environment associated with a product throughout its life cycle. Conclusions from LCA studies can be applied to support decisions regarding product design or public policy, therefore, all relevant inputs (e.g., raw materials, energy) and outputs (e.g., emissions, waste) to the product system should be evaluated to estimate impacts. However, work-related impacts to human health are not considered in LCA. Integrating occupational health into LCA will provide opportunities to prevent shifting of impacts between the work environment and the environment external to the workplace.
520 $a Three separate efforts are made in this dissertation research. First, we introduce the work environment disability-adjusted life year (WE-DALY), one portion of a characterization factor used to express the magnitude of impacts to human health from the work environment. The concept of the WE-DALY and the methodology for its calculation is grounded in the World Health Organization's disability-adjusted life year (DALY). Like the DALY, the WE-DALY equation considers the years of life lost due to premature mortality and the years of life lived with disability to estimate the total number of years of healthy life lost in a population. The WE-DALY equation considers the number of fatal and nonfatal injuries and illnesses that occur in the industries relevant to the product system evaluated in the LCA study, the age of the worker at the time of the fatal or nonfatal injury or illness, the severity of the injury or illness, and the duration of time lived with these outcomes.
520 $a Second, we present a methodological approach for integrating occupational health aspects in LCA including steps to develop work environment characterization factors (WE-CF) and ways to structure life cycle inventory data to successfully employ the WE-CFs. The WE-CF is an index based on the ratio of WE-DALY to the physical quantity of goods produced in an industry; it is used to express the magnitude of impacts to human health attributable to workplace hazards.
520 $a Third, the WE-CF is demonstrated in a work environment characterization model built within an existing LCA model. Specifically, the new characterization model is applied to update LCAs of landfill and waste-to-energy (WTE) municipal solid waste (MSW) management methods. In this application, human health impacts from environmental emissions and human health impacts from work environment hazards are assessed concurrently: WE-CF are used for work environment assessment and existing characterization factors are used for the environmental assessment. To gauge success of the work environment characterization model, we the usefulness of the impact assessment results to: 1) make comparisons of human health impacts between product systems; 2) make comparisons between human health impacts from work environment aspects and human health impacts from environmental aspects; and 3) identify work-related processes contributing to human health impacts and the portion of these impacts attributable to the processes.
590 $a School code: 0075.
650 4 $a Health Sciences, Occupational Health and Safety. $3 1017799
650 4 $a Environmental Health. $3 578282
650 4 $a Engineering, System Science. $3 1018128
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710 2 $a The George Washington University. $b Public Health and Health Services. $3 1684902
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 74-06B(E).
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791 $a Dr.P.H.
792 $a 2013
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3551748