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The geomicrobiology of iron-oxidizin...

Chan, Clara Sze-Yue.

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The geomicrobiology of iron-oxidizing microbes.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The geomicrobiology of iron-oxidizing microbes./
Author:	Chan, Clara Sze-Yue.
Description:	174 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-08, Section: B, page: 4303.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International67-08B.
Subject:	Geology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3228281
ISBN:	9780542822421

The geomicrobiology of iron-oxidizing microbes.
Chan, Clara Sze-Yue.

The geomicrobiology of iron-oxidizing microbes. - 174 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-08, Section: B, page: 4303.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2006.

The Earth's crust contains reservoirs of reduced iron that are available as substrates for microbial energy generation. Iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) harvest this energy and have a profound, but not well-characterized effect on iron cycling. The focus of this dissertation is to characterize the microbial ecology, biochemistry, and mineralogy of terrestrial iron-oxidizing microbial mats and biofilms to gain insight into the communities and chemical processes involved in iron oxidation and biomineralization.

ISBN: 9780542822421Subjects--Topical Terms:

516570
Geology.

The geomicrobiology of iron-oxidizing microbes.
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100 1 $a Chan, Clara Sze-Yue. $3 1917566
245 1 4 $a The geomicrobiology of iron-oxidizing microbes.
300 $a 174 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-08, Section: B, page: 4303.
500 $a Adviser: Jillian F. Banfield.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2006.
520 $a The Earth's crust contains reservoirs of reduced iron that are available as substrates for microbial energy generation. Iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) harvest this energy and have a profound, but not well-characterized effect on iron cycling. The focus of this dissertation is to characterize the microbial ecology, biochemistry, and mineralogy of terrestrial iron-oxidizing microbial mats and biofilms to gain insight into the communities and chemical processes involved in iron oxidation and biomineralization.
520 $a 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses and fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments were performed to determine the composition of microbial communities in mats in the flooded Piquette Mine in Tennyson, Wisconsin. A high degree of diversity was revealed, although close relatives of Gallionella ferruginea (an FeOB) are abundant. Culturing experiments confirmed that microbes are oxidizing iron. The presence of abundant Nitrospira (nitrite-oxidizers) these suggests a close relationship between iron and nitrogen cycles, possibly including nitrate-reducing FeOB. Geochemical data revealed that microbial iron oxidation occurs in a gradient environment established by mixing of ore-derived fluids and oxygenated groundwater.
520 $a Electron microscopy of microbial mats from the Piquette Mine and from Contrary Creek, Virginia showed that they are composed of mineralized sheaths and twisted stalks as well as filament clusters that contain microns-long, few nanometer-wide akaganeite pseudo-single crystals surrounded by ferrihydrite. Synchrotron-based x-ray spectromicroscopy confirmed that the iron oxyhydroxides coincide with acidic polysaccharides, implying that polymers accumulate ferrihydrite and template akaganeite formation. Synthesis experiments using alginate (a model bacterial acidic polysaccharide) and Fe(III) resulted in the formation of morphologies similar to those in natural samples, and observed polymer-Fe interactions showed the active participation of polymer carboxyl groups in mineral formation.
520 $a To better understand microbial controls on iron oxidation, redox-active proteins, including a putative iron oxidase, cytochrome579, and a novel membrane protein, cytochrome575, were extracted from acid mine drainage biofilms dominated by Leptospirillum ferriphilum, an acidophilic FeOB (Richmond Mine, California). Purified cyt579 was confirmed to oxidize iron in vitro, and immunolabeling experiments showed it to be located in the periplasm and on cell surfaces. Redox experiments indicate that the novel membrane protein may also participate in the iron oxidation electron transport chain.
590 $a School code: 0028.
650 4 $a Geology. $3 516570
650 4 $a Biology, Microbiology. $3 1017734
650 4 $a Biogeochemistry. $3 545717
690 $a 0372
690 $a 0410
690 $a 0425
710 2 0 $a University of California, Berkeley. $3 687832
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 67-08B.
790 1 0 $a Banfield, Jillian F., $e advisor
790 $a 0028
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2006
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3228281