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The Cold War and American industrial...

Asner, Glen Ross.

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The Cold War and American industrial research.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	The Cold War and American industrial research./
作者:	Asner, Glen Ross.
面頁冊數:	653 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: A, page: 2718.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International67-07A.
標題:	History, United States. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3226868
ISBN:	9780542798382

The Cold War and American industrial research.
Asner, Glen Ross.

The Cold War and American industrial research. - 653 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: A, page: 2718.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Carnegie Mellon University, 2006.

In the 1950s and early 1960s, companies throughout the United States established research facilities set apart from manufacturing operations for the first time or moved their existing research programs to new locations. The directors of these laboratories, in accordance with the conventional wisdom of the time, hired increasing numbers of academically-trained scientists to pursue basic research questions that often had no foreseeable connection to the technological goals of their employers. Derived from a complex constellation of events, misunderstandings of wartime technologies, and opportunistic behavior on the part of the American scientific community, the conventional wisdom assumed that all technologies owed their existence to basic research. Only scientists shielded from practical concerns and allowed to follow their curiosity in the purest realms of science possessed the ability to generate the ideas from which new technologies would flow.

ISBN: 9780542798382Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017393
History, United States.

The Cold War and American industrial research.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Carnegie Mellon University, 2006.
520 $a In the 1950s and early 1960s, companies throughout the United States established research facilities set apart from manufacturing operations for the first time or moved their existing research programs to new locations. The directors of these laboratories, in accordance with the conventional wisdom of the time, hired increasing numbers of academically-trained scientists to pursue basic research questions that often had no foreseeable connection to the technological goals of their employers. Derived from a complex constellation of events, misunderstandings of wartime technologies, and opportunistic behavior on the part of the American scientific community, the conventional wisdom assumed that all technologies owed their existence to basic research. Only scientists shielded from practical concerns and allowed to follow their curiosity in the purest realms of science possessed the ability to generate the ideas from which new technologies would flow.
520 $a This dissertation supports three claims about industrial research during the Cold War. First, the "linear model"---the notion that the act of innovation begins with basic scientific research and follows a predefined trajectory---provided the dominant framework for understanding the innovation process to the late 1960s. Individuals skeptical of the linear model failed to mount a serious challenge to it or to develop an alternative that could replace it as a focusing devising in discussions about innovation. Second, government policy facilitated the adoption of management and organizational practices that conformed to the linear model. Two primary examples include tax breaks for the construction of independent laboratories and military procurement regulations that allowed companies to charge undirected research to contract overhead. Finally, to the extent that the linear model shifted the focus of corporate research programs away from product-oriented research and incremental innovation, the organization of industrial research in accordance with the linear model produced challenges for firms seeking to remain competitive in commercial and military markets. Through extensive archival research on the formulation of post-World War II R&D policies and careful analysis of the consequences of these policies in science-based firms, including Westinghouse, Sperry Rand, and Boeing, this dissertation provides a palpable sense of the challenges that the Cold War posed for American industrial research.
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