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Experimental and field studies of se...

Voglesonger, Kenneth Maurice.

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Experimental and field studies of seafloor hydrothermal systems.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Experimental and field studies of seafloor hydrothermal systems./
作者:	Voglesonger, Kenneth Maurice.
面頁冊數:	163 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-11, Section: B, page: 5597.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International65-11B.
標題:	Geochemistry. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3152472
ISBN:	0496128248

Experimental and field studies of seafloor hydrothermal systems.
Voglesonger, Kenneth Maurice.

Experimental and field studies of seafloor hydrothermal systems. - 163 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-11, Section: B, page: 5597.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Arizona State University, 2004.

Seafloor hydrothermal systems are considered as potential sites for the rise of the life on the early Earth. In the present day, hydrothermal chimneys are sites where microbiological and geochemical processes are closely linked.

ISBN: 0496128248Subjects--Topical Terms:

539092
Geochemistry.

Experimental and field studies of seafloor hydrothermal systems.
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245 1 0 $a Experimental and field studies of seafloor hydrothermal systems.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-11, Section: B, page: 5597.
500 $a Advisers: John R. Holloway; Peggy A. O'Day.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Arizona State University, 2004.
520 $a Seafloor hydrothermal systems are considered as potential sites for the rise of the life on the early Earth. In the present day, hydrothermal chimneys are sites where microbiological and geochemical processes are closely linked.
520 $a Laboratory experiments were performed to examine mineral-catalyzed organic synthesis at conditions relevant to seafloor hydrothermal systems. Concentrations of carbon dioxide and hydrogen used in the experiments simulated the dynamic conditions within the seafloor following rapid magmatic dike emplacement. Temperatures and pressures in the experiments ranged from 200--360°C and 150--180 bars, respectively. Methanol was directly synthesized from a gas-rich carbon dioxide-hydrogen-water mixture in the presence of the mineral magnetite under these conditions. The reactivity of the magnetite decreased over time during experiments at constant temperature, but mineral surfaces could be reactivated by increasing temperature. Experiments demonstrated that the presence of specific minerals can promote the abiotic synthesis of simple organic molecules from common inorganic reactants such water, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen under geologically realistic conditions. A flow-through experimental system, the Catalytic Reactor Vessel (CRV), was developed to investigate mineral-surface promoted organic synthesis at temperatures up to 400°C and pressures up to 300 bars. The CRV is capable of simulating vapor, vapor plus liquid, or liquid systems.
520 $a Field studies of seafloor hydrothermal systems were performed at 9°N on the East Pacific Rise to examine the growth and evolution of nascent hydrothermal chimneys and the potential geochemical controls on microbial colonization of the nascent chimneys. Analysis of fluid samples and solid samples recovered from the deployment of mineral microcosms combined with the results of thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were used to constrain the physical and chemical conditions within the microcosms. Variations in the temperature and fluid chemistry observed during chimney growth indicated that the nascent chimney environment is dynamic on a time scale of minutes. Colonizing microorganisms would have to withstand variations in key physical and chemical parameters such as temperature and oxidation state that occur as the chimney evolves. During the first 92-hours of chimney growth, autotrophic sulfate reduction is predicted to be a metabolic pathway utilized by colonizing microorganisms.
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