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New genomic approaches reveal the pr...

Sun, Zhiyi.

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New genomic approaches reveal the process of genome reduction in Prochlorococcus.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	New genomic approaches reveal the process of genome reduction in Prochlorococcus./
Author:	Sun, Zhiyi.
Description:	102 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-05, Section: B, page: .
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International72-05B.
Subject:	Biology, Genetics. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3445189
ISBN:	9781124541754

New genomic approaches reveal the process of genome reduction in Prochlorococcus.
Sun, Zhiyi.

New genomic approaches reveal the process of genome reduction in Prochlorococcus. - 102 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-05, Section: B, page: .

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2011.

Small bacterial genomes are believed to be evolutionarily derived from larger genomes through massive loss of genes and are usually associated with symbiotic or pathogenic lifestyles. It is therefore intriguing that a similar phenomenon of genome reduction has been reported within a group of free-living phototrophic marine cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus. Here I have investigated the roles of natural selection and mutation rate in the process of Prochlorococcus genome size reduction. Using a data set of complete cyanobacterial genomes including 12 Prochlorococcus and a sister group of 5 marine Synechococcus , I first reconstructed the steps leading to Prochlorococcus genome reduction in a phylogenetic context. The result reveals that small genome sizes within Prochlorococcus were largely determined by massive gene loss shortly after the split of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus (a process we refer to as early genome reduction). A maximum likelihood approach was then used to estimate changes in both selection effect and mutation rate in the evolutionary history of Prochlorococcus. I also examined the effect of selection and functional importance of a subset of ancestor-derived genes those are lost in Prochlorococcus but are still retained in the genomes of its sister Synechococcus group. It appears that the effect of purifying selection was strongest when a large number of small effect genes were deleted from nearly all functional categories. And during this period, mutation rate also accelerated. Based on these results, I propose that shortly after Prochlorococcus diverged from its common ancestor with marine Synechococcus, its population size increased quickly and thus the efficacy of selection became very high. Due to limited nutrients and relatively constant environment, selection favored a streamlined genome for maximum economies in material and energy, causing subsequent reduction in genome size and possibly also contributing to the observed higher mutation rate.

ISBN: 9781124541754Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017730
Biology, Genetics.

New genomic approaches reveal the process of genome reduction in Prochlorococcus.
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100 1 $a Sun, Zhiyi. $3 1682256
245 1 0 $a New genomic approaches reveal the process of genome reduction in Prochlorococcus.
300 $a 102 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-05, Section: B, page: .
500 $a Adviser: Jeffrey L. Blanchard.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2011.
520 $a Small bacterial genomes are believed to be evolutionarily derived from larger genomes through massive loss of genes and are usually associated with symbiotic or pathogenic lifestyles. It is therefore intriguing that a similar phenomenon of genome reduction has been reported within a group of free-living phototrophic marine cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus. Here I have investigated the roles of natural selection and mutation rate in the process of Prochlorococcus genome size reduction. Using a data set of complete cyanobacterial genomes including 12 Prochlorococcus and a sister group of 5 marine Synechococcus , I first reconstructed the steps leading to Prochlorococcus genome reduction in a phylogenetic context. The result reveals that small genome sizes within Prochlorococcus were largely determined by massive gene loss shortly after the split of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus (a process we refer to as early genome reduction). A maximum likelihood approach was then used to estimate changes in both selection effect and mutation rate in the evolutionary history of Prochlorococcus. I also examined the effect of selection and functional importance of a subset of ancestor-derived genes those are lost in Prochlorococcus but are still retained in the genomes of its sister Synechococcus group. It appears that the effect of purifying selection was strongest when a large number of small effect genes were deleted from nearly all functional categories. And during this period, mutation rate also accelerated. Based on these results, I propose that shortly after Prochlorococcus diverged from its common ancestor with marine Synechococcus, its population size increased quickly and thus the efficacy of selection became very high. Due to limited nutrients and relatively constant environment, selection favored a streamlined genome for maximum economies in material and energy, causing subsequent reduction in genome size and possibly also contributing to the observed higher mutation rate.
590 $a School code: 0118.
650 4 $a Biology, Genetics. $3 1017730
650 4 $a Biology, Evolution and Development. $3 1675612
650 4 $a Biology, Bioinformatics. $3 1018415
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690 $a 0412
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710 2 $a University of Massachusetts Amherst. $b Organismic & Evolutionary Biology. $3 1682257
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 72-05B.
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790 1 0 $a Katz, Laura $e committee member
790 1 0 $a Normark, Benjamin B. $e committee member
790 1 0 $a Porter, Adam $e committee member
790 $a 0118
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2011
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3445189