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Molecular and cytogenetic tools for ...

Hiebert, Colin W.

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Molecular and cytogenetic tools for selecting and fixing disease resistance genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Molecular and cytogenetic tools for selecting and fixing disease resistance genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations./
Author:	Hiebert, Colin W.
Description:	121 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-08, Section: B, page: 4555.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International70-08B.
Subject:	Biology, Genetics. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=NR50345
ISBN:	9780494503454

Molecular and cytogenetic tools for selecting and fixing disease resistance genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations.
Hiebert, Colin W.

Molecular and cytogenetic tools for selecting and fixing disease resistance genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations. - 121 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-08, Section: B, page: 4555.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Manitoba (Canada), 2009.

This thesis integrates classical, cytogenetic and molecular approaches to selecting disease resistance gene stacks in common wheat. Wheat leaf rust resistance (Lr) gene Lr22a was previously introgressed into wheat from Aegilops tauschii Coss and is located on chromosome 2DS. Lr22a was mapped with microsatellite (SSR) markers to allow stacking with other Lr genes; the closest marker was GWM296 (2.9 cM distal). Genetic size of the Ae. tauschii introgression was determined with SSRs and was tracked through the ancestry of various Canadian wheat varieties. Disease resistance genes are often more effective and durable when they are stacked. To investigate the use of telocentric chromosomes to increase the frequency of desirable alleles in breeding populations four populations were produced each with a different combination of disease resistance genes to either leaf rust or fusarium head blight (FHB). Each population had F 1 plants that were either double monotelodisomic (dmtd), with both resistance genes in the hemizygous state, or were dihybrid. F3 families were produced and tested for disease resistance. The families derived from dmtd F1 plants showed an increased frequency in disease resistance compared to the families derived from dihybrids. Testing the female and male transmissions of the four double telo combinations revealed no gametic selection against telosomes in ovules while there was reduced transmission of telosomes through pollen. Pollen competition increased the frequency of gene stacks. Nineteen of 21 monosomics were isolated in elite germplasm by screening the progeny of haploid by diploid crosses. All monosomics were crossed with a normal parent to generate telocentric chromosomes through the misdivision of the univalent. Eleven telocentrics were recovered out of a possible 38. Eight of these represented telosome pairs i.e. long and short arm telosomes of the same chromosome. This result is significantly improbable if all centromeres are equally likely to break and be recovered. The telosome for 1BS was truncated by the loss of its satellite. This telosome formed bivalents (≈50%) with its normal homologue but failed to yield recombinants. Combining DNA markers and telosomes is a powerful tool for wheat breeding.

ISBN: 9780494503454Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017730
Biology, Genetics.

Molecular and cytogenetic tools for selecting and fixing disease resistance genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Manitoba (Canada), 2009.
520 $a This thesis integrates classical, cytogenetic and molecular approaches to selecting disease resistance gene stacks in common wheat. Wheat leaf rust resistance (Lr) gene Lr22a was previously introgressed into wheat from Aegilops tauschii Coss and is located on chromosome 2DS. Lr22a was mapped with microsatellite (SSR) markers to allow stacking with other Lr genes; the closest marker was GWM296 (2.9 cM distal). Genetic size of the Ae. tauschii introgression was determined with SSRs and was tracked through the ancestry of various Canadian wheat varieties. Disease resistance genes are often more effective and durable when they are stacked. To investigate the use of telocentric chromosomes to increase the frequency of desirable alleles in breeding populations four populations were produced each with a different combination of disease resistance genes to either leaf rust or fusarium head blight (FHB). Each population had F 1 plants that were either double monotelodisomic (dmtd), with both resistance genes in the hemizygous state, or were dihybrid. F3 families were produced and tested for disease resistance. The families derived from dmtd F1 plants showed an increased frequency in disease resistance compared to the families derived from dihybrids. Testing the female and male transmissions of the four double telo combinations revealed no gametic selection against telosomes in ovules while there was reduced transmission of telosomes through pollen. Pollen competition increased the frequency of gene stacks. Nineteen of 21 monosomics were isolated in elite germplasm by screening the progeny of haploid by diploid crosses. All monosomics were crossed with a normal parent to generate telocentric chromosomes through the misdivision of the univalent. Eleven telocentrics were recovered out of a possible 38. Eight of these represented telosome pairs i.e. long and short arm telosomes of the same chromosome. This result is significantly improbable if all centromeres are equally likely to break and be recovered. The telosome for 1BS was truncated by the loss of its satellite. This telosome formed bivalents (≈50%) with its normal homologue but failed to yield recombinants. Combining DNA markers and telosomes is a powerful tool for wheat breeding.
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