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Ecological genomics of the Malaria m...

White, Bradley J.

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Ecological genomics of the Malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Ecological genomics of the Malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae./
Author:	White, Bradley J.
Description:	227 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-01, Section: B, page: .
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International72-01B.
Subject:	Biology, Ecology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3436278
ISBN:	9781124361123

Ecological genomics of the Malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.
White, Bradley J.

Ecological genomics of the Malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. - 227 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-01, Section: B, page: .

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2010.

Anopheles gambiae is the primary mosquito vector of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. It has adapted to thrive in contrasting ecological conditions from the humid rainforests of central Africa to the near desert-like conditions of the northern Sahel. Within a single location, it survives extreme seasonal fluctuations in rainfall and temperature. This ecological adaptation has driven incipient speciation into two forms, termed M and S, which exploit permanent and temporary larval habitats, respectively. Polymorphic chromosomal inversions shared between forms are non-randomly associated with multiple environmental factors further promoting adaptation. A long-term goal is to determine the genetic basis of ecological adaptation in An. gambiae.

ISBN: 9781124361123Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017726
Biology, Ecology.

Ecological genomics of the Malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.
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020 $a 9781124361123
035 $a (UMI)AAI3436278
035 $a AAI3436278
040 $a UMI $c UMI
100 1 $a White, Bradley J. $3 1675632
245 1 0 $a Ecological genomics of the Malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.
300 $a 227 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-01, Section: B, page: .
500 $a Adviser: Nora Besansky.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2010.
520 $a Anopheles gambiae is the primary mosquito vector of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. It has adapted to thrive in contrasting ecological conditions from the humid rainforests of central Africa to the near desert-like conditions of the northern Sahel. Within a single location, it survives extreme seasonal fluctuations in rainfall and temperature. This ecological adaptation has driven incipient speciation into two forms, termed M and S, which exploit permanent and temporary larval habitats, respectively. Polymorphic chromosomal inversions shared between forms are non-randomly associated with multiple environmental factors further promoting adaptation. A long-term goal is to determine the genetic basis of ecological adaptation in An. gambiae.
520 $a Chapter 2 reports a molecular diagnostic of the 2La inversion that will enhance both phenotypic and genetic studies of this rearrangement. Traditional cytogenetic karyotyping is labor-intensive, requires rare skills, and is limited to semi-gravid females. This new PCR (polymerase chain reaction) for determining 2L karyotype is accurate, simple, and can be utilized on mosquitoes of any development stage and either sex.
520 $a In Chapter 3 and 4, an oligonucleotide microarray platform was used to map genome wide divergence between Malian An. gambiae carrying alternative chromosomal arrangements. Divergence mapping between alternative arrangements of five common, polymorphic inversions revealed three regions of elevated differentiation. Two of the regions are located within the 2La inversion and appear to contain at least some of the genes responsible for the selective maintenance of this polymorphic inversion. The other four inversions -- all on the right arm of chromosome 2 -- exhibited substantially less differentiation, confounding the genome scans. Possible explanations for the contrasting patterns of evolution seen between these different inversions systems are discussed.
520 $a In Chapters 5 and 6, the same microarray platform was used to map divergence between the M and S Forms of An. gambiae. Three rangewide islands of genomic divergence were discovered between nascent species; one at the pericentromeric region of each chromosome. Whether these islands are incidental or instrumental to speciation remains an open question. A fourth island, on chromosome 3 and distant from the centromere, is likely due to recent geographically-restricted selection within the M Form at the TEP1 immunity gene. The diverse pathogen community in the permanent larval sites utilized by the M Form may have driven a novel TEP1 allele ( TEP1rB) to fixation in this form. Intriguingly, this derived allele may inadvertently increase resistance to Plasmodium.
520 $a While each region of elevated divergence needs to be further investigated, these studies represent a crucial first step in connecting genetic polymorphisms to adaptive phenotypic diversity in this medically important species.
590 $a School code: 0165.
650 4 $a Biology, Ecology. $3 1017726
650 4 $a Biology, Entomology. $3 1018619
650 4 $a Biology, Genetics. $3 1017730
690 $a 0329
690 $a 0353
690 $a 0369
710 2 $a University of Notre Dame. $3 807615
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 72-01B.
790 1 0 $a Besansky, Nora, $e advisor
790 $a 0165
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2010
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3436278