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The impact of economic modernization...

Demerath, Ellen Wrchota.

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The impact of economic modernization on adult nutritional status in Manus, Papua New Guinea.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The impact of economic modernization on adult nutritional status in Manus, Papua New Guinea./
Author:	Demerath, Ellen Wrchota.
Description:	382 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 58-07, Section: A, page: 2723.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International58-07A.
Subject:	Anthropology, Physical. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9800856
ISBN:	9780591501292

The impact of economic modernization on adult nutritional status in Manus, Papua New Guinea.
Demerath, Ellen Wrchota.

The impact of economic modernization on adult nutritional status in Manus, Papua New Guinea. - 382 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 58-07, Section: A, page: 2723.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1997.

The process of economic modernization has altered the body size and body composition of the Manus of Papua New Guinea, as it is doing in other Pacific Island populations and as it has done in nations like the United States in the past. The shift in body composition and size from a shorter, lighter, and leaner population to a larger, fatter one may be a universal human response to nutritional and lifestyle changes that accompany transition to a cash economy. In this study, the height, body mass, body fat, and blood pressure of adults born in Pere village were assessed with regard to current residence (urban or rural) and socioeconomic status to determine how these contemporary factors influence nutritional status. These findings were then compared with the results of prior surveys conducted in the population from 1954 to 1982 to assess whether secular (temporal) trends in stature and body composition have occurred. Town residents are heavier, fatter, and have higher blood pressures than villagers, but when socioeconomic status was considered, it was found that the effect of residence on nutritional status was diminished. Thus, residence differences are rooted in income disparities. Even within the relatively homogeneous environment of Pere village, wealthier individuals are heavier and fatter than poorer individuals, revealing an emergent "class" system in this previously egalitarian society. A secular increase was found in adult stature amounting to 1 cm per decade of birth (a 3-4 cm increase since the early part of the century), which is similar to the rate of increase that occurred during the Industrial Revolution in Europe and the United States. Weight increased by approximately 5 kg in males and 10 kg in females over this period, while measures of body fatness increased primarily in females. The effects of economic modernization are explained by a growing dependence on high protein, high energy imported foods, particularly in the urban context. Cultural and economic issues surrounding the use of imported versus traditional foods are discussed.

ISBN: 9780591501292Subjects--Topical Terms:

877524
Anthropology, Physical.

The impact of economic modernization on adult nutritional status in Manus, Papua New Guinea.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 58-07, Section: A, page: 2723.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1997.
520 $a The process of economic modernization has altered the body size and body composition of the Manus of Papua New Guinea, as it is doing in other Pacific Island populations and as it has done in nations like the United States in the past. The shift in body composition and size from a shorter, lighter, and leaner population to a larger, fatter one may be a universal human response to nutritional and lifestyle changes that accompany transition to a cash economy. In this study, the height, body mass, body fat, and blood pressure of adults born in Pere village were assessed with regard to current residence (urban or rural) and socioeconomic status to determine how these contemporary factors influence nutritional status. These findings were then compared with the results of prior surveys conducted in the population from 1954 to 1982 to assess whether secular (temporal) trends in stature and body composition have occurred. Town residents are heavier, fatter, and have higher blood pressures than villagers, but when socioeconomic status was considered, it was found that the effect of residence on nutritional status was diminished. Thus, residence differences are rooted in income disparities. Even within the relatively homogeneous environment of Pere village, wealthier individuals are heavier and fatter than poorer individuals, revealing an emergent "class" system in this previously egalitarian society. A secular increase was found in adult stature amounting to 1 cm per decade of birth (a 3-4 cm increase since the early part of the century), which is similar to the rate of increase that occurred during the Industrial Revolution in Europe and the United States. Weight increased by approximately 5 kg in males and 10 kg in females over this period, while measures of body fatness increased primarily in females. The effects of economic modernization are explained by a growing dependence on high protein, high energy imported foods, particularly in the urban context. Cultural and economic issues surrounding the use of imported versus traditional foods are discussed.
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