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The historical and ecological determ...

Roberts, Bruce Donald.

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The historical and ecological determinants of economic opportunity and inequality in Elgeyo-Marakwet District, Kenya.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	The historical and ecological determinants of economic opportunity and inequality in Elgeyo-Marakwet District, Kenya./
作者:	Roberts, Bruce Donald.
面頁冊數:	365 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-09, Section: A, page: 3493.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International54-09A.
標題:	Anthropology, Cultural. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9406331

The historical and ecological determinants of economic opportunity and inequality in Elgeyo-Marakwet District, Kenya.
Roberts, Bruce Donald.

The historical and ecological determinants of economic opportunity and inequality in Elgeyo-Marakwet District, Kenya. - 365 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-09, Section: A, page: 3493.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pittsburgh, 1993.

This dissertation examines economic opportunity and inequality among Keiyo peasant farmers in three ecological zones (highlands, escarpment, and valley) of Elgeyo-Marakwet District, Kenya. Data collected through anthropological fieldwork and archival research reveal that socioeconomic processes in these areas are the product of inter-relationships of history, ecology, and culture.Subjects--Topical Terms:

735016
Anthropology, Cultural.

The historical and ecological determinants of economic opportunity and inequality in Elgeyo-Marakwet District, Kenya.
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245 1 4 $a The historical and ecological determinants of economic opportunity and inequality in Elgeyo-Marakwet District, Kenya.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-09, Section: A, page: 3493.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pittsburgh, 1993.
520 $a This dissertation examines economic opportunity and inequality among Keiyo peasant farmers in three ecological zones (highlands, escarpment, and valley) of Elgeyo-Marakwet District, Kenya. Data collected through anthropological fieldwork and archival research reveal that socioeconomic processes in these areas are the product of inter-relationships of history, ecology, and culture.
520 $a The goal of people across all three zones is a better life--"development" (maendeleo (Swahili); bandaptai (Kalenjin)). At the community level this is reflected in roads, schools, hospitals, etc. and, at the household level, in material possessions, modern housing, engaging in entrepreneurial activities and/or salaried employment, and in the education of children. Diversification of economic activities is the most common strategy employed in pursuing development. In addition to growing crops and keeping animals for consumption and sale, people engage in many different nonfarm-based activities: working for wages, running small shops, performing casual labor, and making and selling charcoal or traditional beer.
520 $a Diversification reduces risk/uncertainty and can also be the most profitable economic path to choose. But the ability to diversify is not equal among people of the same ecological zone, nor is it comparable across ecological zones. History and ecology have combined to create a much more favorable economic opportunity structure in the highlands. Unlike the rocky escarpment, the highlands are flat; they also receive more rainfall and have more moderate temperatures than the hot and dry Kerio Valley. Therefore, the highlands are especially well suited for the production of crops and livestock. Individuals in the British colonial administration recognized these differing agricultural potentials and this affected their policies. The highlands became the focus of most colonial development efforts and this same pattern continued after independence both through government policy and the initiative of individuals trying to achieve development. Although a few people on the escarpment and in the valley are able to "get ahead," people in the highlands generally enjoy the most secure life. Thus, contemporary socioeconomic processes cannot be explained by a single variable nor in synchronic perspective; instead they result from a dynamic combination of historical, ecological, and cultural variables.
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