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[ subject:"Water resources management." ]
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Water Quality and Hydraulic Trade-Of...
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Gibson, John.
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Water Quality and Hydraulic Trade-Offs in Drinking Water Distribution Networks.
紀錄類型:
書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:
Water Quality and Hydraulic Trade-Offs in Drinking Water Distribution Networks./
作者:
Gibson, John.
出版者:
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
面頁冊數:
129 p.
附註:
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04, Section: B.
Contained By:
Dissertations Abstracts International81-04B.
標題:
Water resources management. -
電子資源:
http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=13806010
ISBN:
9781085787956
Water Quality and Hydraulic Trade-Offs in Drinking Water Distribution Networks.
Gibson, John.
Water Quality and Hydraulic Trade-Offs in Drinking Water Distribution Networks.
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 129 p.
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04, Section: B.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Toronto (Canada), 2019.
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
Historically, water distribution network design focused on providing water at the appropriate flow and pressure, particularly during high-demand and firefighting conditions. More recently, it was discovered that 18% of waterborne disease outbreaks in the U.S. could be linked to deficiencies in the distribution network (DN), shifting the distribution network research focus towards water quality. This thesis uses genetic algorithms to assess some of the tensions between providing high flows for firefighting and water quality in drinking water distribution networks. It is shown that relaxing the traditional design restrictions on minimum pipe diameters (i.e., that they be greater than 150 mm) can provide an improved balance of fire flow, water quality, and cost. Using genetic algorithms to generate a series of Pareto Fronts, it is shown that there are significant trade-offs between fire flow and achieving high flow velocities associated with establishing self-flushing pipes. Self-flushing pipes are believed to reduce high-turbidity water events, a major source of consumer complaints. A Monte Carlo simulation suggests that a velocity of 0.10 to 0.25 m/s is self-flushing. An additional benefit of high velocity networks may include better disinfectant mass transfer to the pipe wall, where opportunistic pathogens are likely to be found. To achieve these higher velocities, this work suggests a need to relax minimum pipe diameters, reduce redundant network loops, and reduce available fire flows. This approach is now used in several European countries but has yet to be adopted in North America. Finally, it is shown that health risks associated with intrusion remain relatively constant over time, even as the number of defects in the pipe and intrusion volume increase. It is suggested that health risks are a weak function of intrusion volume. Important risk factors for intrusion likely include the number of low-pressure events and the average pipe residence time.
ISBN: 9781085787956Subjects--Topical Terms:
794747
Water resources management.
Subjects--Index Terms:
Distribution network
Water Quality and Hydraulic Trade-Offs in Drinking Water Distribution Networks.
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Historically, water distribution network design focused on providing water at the appropriate flow and pressure, particularly during high-demand and firefighting conditions. More recently, it was discovered that 18% of waterborne disease outbreaks in the U.S. could be linked to deficiencies in the distribution network (DN), shifting the distribution network research focus towards water quality. This thesis uses genetic algorithms to assess some of the tensions between providing high flows for firefighting and water quality in drinking water distribution networks. It is shown that relaxing the traditional design restrictions on minimum pipe diameters (i.e., that they be greater than 150 mm) can provide an improved balance of fire flow, water quality, and cost. Using genetic algorithms to generate a series of Pareto Fronts, it is shown that there are significant trade-offs between fire flow and achieving high flow velocities associated with establishing self-flushing pipes. Self-flushing pipes are believed to reduce high-turbidity water events, a major source of consumer complaints. A Monte Carlo simulation suggests that a velocity of 0.10 to 0.25 m/s is self-flushing. An additional benefit of high velocity networks may include better disinfectant mass transfer to the pipe wall, where opportunistic pathogens are likely to be found. To achieve these higher velocities, this work suggests a need to relax minimum pipe diameters, reduce redundant network loops, and reduce available fire flows. This approach is now used in several European countries but has yet to be adopted in North America. Finally, it is shown that health risks associated with intrusion remain relatively constant over time, even as the number of defects in the pipe and intrusion volume increase. It is suggested that health risks are a weak function of intrusion volume. Important risk factors for intrusion likely include the number of low-pressure events and the average pipe residence time.
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http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=13806010
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