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Contaminant-Related Ecosystem Functions and Services of Freshwater Mussels (Unionidae) and Public Views on Nature's Contributions to Water Quality.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Contaminant-Related Ecosystem Functions and Services of Freshwater Mussels (Unionidae) and Public Views on Nature's Contributions to Water Quality./
作者:	Archambault, Jennifer Michele.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
面頁冊數:	241 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-11, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International81-11B.
標題:	Biology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28004327
ISBN:	9798643183129

Contaminant-Related Ecosystem Functions and Services of Freshwater Mussels (Unionidae) and Public Views on Nature's Contributions to Water Quality.
Archambault, Jennifer Michele.

Contaminant-Related Ecosystem Functions and Services of Freshwater Mussels (Unionidae) and Public Views on Nature's Contributions to Water Quality. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 241 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-11, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Ecosystem services are generally defined as benefits that humans derive from nature, and though human reliance on nature is timeless, the scientific study of these services has become part of mainstream ecology only in the last two decades. From the mid-19th to the mid-20th Centuries, freshwater mussel populations in North America (Unionida) were valued and exploited for their material uses in the pearling and button-making industries. However, the depletion of mussel populations through exploitation, habitat destruction, and water quality degradation reduced their availability, utility, and visibility to human communities, leaving native mussels largely forgotten by most people. However, freshwater mussel populations and human populations are inextricably linked through their mutual dependence on water-arguably the most precious of resources. Several modern studies have revealed that freshwater mussels perform a host of functions that are integral to maintaining surface water quality and keeping rivers and lakes properly functioning as ecosystems. These functions provide important ecosystem services related to maintaining water quality for human uses, but the capacity of mussels to contribute appropriately to ecosystem functioning and services is drastically hampered because a majority of mussel populations are declining and more than 70% of species are imperiled. Furthermore, though aquatic species are integral to ecosystem functioning and maintenance of water quality, most are not readily perceivable by the public, and people may not realize the relevance of these ecosystem components in regulating healthy waterways for human use and well-being. Native freshwater mussels in particular are not well understood by most people outside the aquatic sciences profession. One area of ecosystem services research that has been underexplored is the role of native mussels in reducing aquatic pollution. Thus, I sought to advance the knowledge on ecosystem services of freshwater mussels from a contaminants perspective at both organismal and population scales, and I further explored human perceptions of floral and faunal influences on water quality.First, I explored the feasibility of using existing data on mussel populations along with tissue concentrations of pollutants to estimate population-level pollutant sequestration as a potential ecosystem service. I investigated three scenarios that were selected based on my direct access to the rare resource of tissue contaminant data from mussels collected in the wild, and the availability of population estimates at these sites from the literature or from colleagues. These scenarios included Upper Mississippi River navigation pools, the Upper Neuse River watershed (North Carolina), and a polluted compared to a healthy mussel site in the Clinch River (Virginia and Tennessee). These scenarios represented a range of spatial scales, from wadeable streams to large river systems; contaminant datasets from metals to organic contaminants; mussel population sizes from tens of thousands to hundreds of millions; and population estimates based on data types that ranged from qualitative techniques (e.g., visual search of mussels) to robust, quantitative techniques (e.g., systematic sampling). Estimates of contaminant sequestration differed based on spatial scale, population size, and the kind of contaminant under consideration. We estimated that mussels in two navigation pools of the Upper Mississippi River sequestered approximately 15.6 tons of metals; mussels in the Upper Neuse River watershed sequestered between 2.4 and 5.8 billion ng of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); and Clinch River mussels at the polluted Pendleton Island site sequestered 24.2 billion ng of PAHs compared to 210 billion ng of PAHs sequestered by mussels at the healthier sites outside a mussel zone of decline-10x greater capacity despite having much lower tissue concentrations. Estimating population-level sequestration by mussels using existing data varied in difficulty, from straightforward to highly conditional, based on the types of available population data. These efforts offer a proof-of-concept demonstration of the magnitude of pollution mussels are filtering out of the environment through their incidental exposure to contaminants. My findings suggest that contaminant sequestration may be interpreted as an ecosystem service, but mussels will only be able to remove contaminants so long as aquatic ecosystems are healthy enough to support their persistence.After exploring population-level contaminant sequestration, I then addressed a central question in the discourse of contaminant related ecosystem services among mussel biologists: what happens to contaminants after mussels ingest them? Though there is scientific understanding that contaminants collect in soft tissue, as they do for humans and other exposed organisms, one area of research that has not been explored is the role of mussels in ecological partitioning of pollutants. I conducted 28-d laboratory experiments exposing mussels to environmentally relevant concentrations of Ni (0 to 100 μg/L) and Cd (0 to 2 μg/L)-two toxic heavy metals of both human and environmental health concern-to answer the following questions: what percentage of metals do mussels remove from water; how much. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest).

ISBN: 9798643183129Subjects--Topical Terms:

522710
Biology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Contaminant-related ecosystem functions

Contaminant-Related Ecosystem Functions and Services of Freshwater Mussels (Unionidae) and Public Views on Nature's Contributions to Water Quality.
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Several modern studies have revealed that freshwater mussels perform a host of functions that are integral to maintaining surface water quality and keeping rivers and lakes properly functioning as ecosystems. These functions provide important ecosystem services related to maintaining water quality for human uses, but the capacity of mussels to contribute appropriately to ecosystem functioning and services is drastically hampered because a majority of mussel populations are declining and more than 70% of species are imperiled. Furthermore, though aquatic species are integral to ecosystem functioning and maintenance of water quality, most are not readily perceivable by the public, and people may not realize the relevance of these ecosystem components in regulating healthy waterways for human use and well-being. Native freshwater mussels in particular are not well understood by most people outside the aquatic sciences profession. One area of ecosystem services research that has been underexplored is the role of native mussels in reducing aquatic pollution. Thus, I sought to advance the knowledge on ecosystem services of freshwater mussels from a contaminants perspective at both organismal and population scales, and I further explored human perceptions of floral and faunal influences on water quality.First, I explored the feasibility of using existing data on mussel populations along with tissue concentrations of pollutants to estimate population-level pollutant sequestration as a potential ecosystem service. I investigated three scenarios that were selected based on my direct access to the rare resource of tissue contaminant data from mussels collected in the wild, and the availability of population estimates at these sites from the literature or from colleagues. These scenarios included Upper Mississippi River navigation pools, the Upper Neuse River watershed (North Carolina), and a polluted compared to a healthy mussel site in the Clinch River (Virginia and Tennessee). These scenarios represented a range of spatial scales, from wadeable streams to large river systems; contaminant datasets from metals to organic contaminants; mussel population sizes from tens of thousands to hundreds of millions; and population estimates based on data types that ranged from qualitative techniques (e.g., visual search of mussels) to robust, quantitative techniques (e.g., systematic sampling). Estimates of contaminant sequestration differed based on spatial scale, population size, and the kind of contaminant under consideration. We estimated that mussels in two navigation pools of the Upper Mississippi River sequestered approximately 15.6 tons of metals; mussels in the Upper Neuse River watershed sequestered between 2.4 and 5.8 billion ng of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); and Clinch River mussels at the polluted Pendleton Island site sequestered 24.2 billion ng of PAHs compared to 210 billion ng of PAHs sequestered by mussels at the healthier sites outside a mussel zone of decline-10x greater capacity despite having much lower tissue concentrations. Estimating population-level sequestration by mussels using existing data varied in difficulty, from straightforward to highly conditional, based on the types of available population data. These efforts offer a proof-of-concept demonstration of the magnitude of pollution mussels are filtering out of the environment through their incidental exposure to contaminants. My findings suggest that contaminant sequestration may be interpreted as an ecosystem service, but mussels will only be able to remove contaminants so long as aquatic ecosystems are healthy enough to support their persistence.After exploring population-level contaminant sequestration, I then addressed a central question in the discourse of contaminant related ecosystem services among mussel biologists: what happens to contaminants after mussels ingest them? Though there is scientific understanding that contaminants collect in soft tissue, as they do for humans and other exposed organisms, one area of research that has not been explored is the role of mussels in ecological partitioning of pollutants. I conducted 28-d laboratory experiments exposing mussels to environmentally relevant concentrations of Ni (0 to 100 μg/L) and Cd (0 to 2 μg/L)-two toxic heavy metals of both human and environmental health concern-to answer the following questions: what percentage of metals do mussels remove from water; how much. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest).
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