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[ subject:"Environmental engineering." ]
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Formation of Nitrosamines and Nitram...
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Dai, Ning.
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Formation of Nitrosamines and Nitramines in Amine-Based Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Systems.
紀錄類型:
書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:
Formation of Nitrosamines and Nitramines in Amine-Based Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Systems./
作者:
Dai, Ning.
面頁冊數:
175 p.
附註:
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-09(E), Section: B.
Contained By:
Dissertation Abstracts International75-09B(E).
標題:
Environmental engineering. -
電子資源:
http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3580658
ISBN:
9781321048209
Formation of Nitrosamines and Nitramines in Amine-Based Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Systems.
Dai, Ning.
Formation of Nitrosamines and Nitramines in Amine-Based Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Systems.
- 175 p.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-09(E), Section: B.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2014.
This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
Fossil fuel-fired power plants are the biggest point-source CO2 emitters, contributing to 40% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions globally. Capturing and sequestering CO2 from these power plants is an important strategy to ameliorate global climate change in the coming decades. Amine-based absorption is the most mature technology for CO 2 capture. However, in post-combustion applications, nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the power plant flue gas reacts with amines in the absorption solvent to form carcinogenic nitrosamines and nitramines. Public concern for the potential release of nitrosamines and nitramines from amine-based CO 2 capture systems has significantly stalled the full-scale implementation of amine technologies for post-combustion CO2 capture.
ISBN: 9781321048209Subjects--Topical Terms:
548583
Environmental engineering.
Formation of Nitrosamines and Nitramines in Amine-Based Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Systems.
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Formation of Nitrosamines and Nitramines in Amine-Based Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Systems.
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Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 75-09(E), Section: B.
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Adviser: William A. Mitch.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2014.
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This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
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Fossil fuel-fired power plants are the biggest point-source CO2 emitters, contributing to 40% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions globally. Capturing and sequestering CO2 from these power plants is an important strategy to ameliorate global climate change in the coming decades. Amine-based absorption is the most mature technology for CO 2 capture. However, in post-combustion applications, nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the power plant flue gas reacts with amines in the absorption solvent to form carcinogenic nitrosamines and nitramines. Public concern for the potential release of nitrosamines and nitramines from amine-based CO 2 capture systems has significantly stalled the full-scale implementation of amine technologies for post-combustion CO2 capture.
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This thesis research addressed this critical challenge from multiple aspects. First, we identified that washwater unit---a scrubber employed to reduce emissions by capturing nitrosamines, nitramines, and amines from the absorber exhaust gas---actually formed more nitrosamines in situ from reactions between accumulated amines and residual NO x in the absorber exhaust gas. We then developed two strategies for reducing nitrosamine and nitramine emissions. First, we pursued source reduction by developing a fundamental understanding of the formation chemistry of nitrosamines and nitramines under CO2 capture conditions. We identified that amines featuring secondary amine functional groups have the highest nitrosamine formation reactivity, closely followed by tertiary amines, while primary amines exhibit orders of magnitude lower reactivity. When considering the atmospheric emissions of nitrosamines, however, amine volatility can be as significant a determinant as their reactivity. Using morpholine, a secondary amine, as a model amine, we found that the formation of nitrosamines and nitramines increased linearly with the concentration of NO and NO2 in the flue gas. In contrast to the conventional view of NO as a more inert NO x species for nitrosamine formation, we observed that NO played an important role in the accumulation of nitrosamines in the washwater unit, due to oxidation to NO2 by O2. Accordingly, selecting non-volatile primary amines as CO2 capture solvent and removing both NO and NO 2 prior to CO2 capture are two important strategies in preventing nitrosamine and nitramine formation. Our second strategy for reducing nitrosamine and nitramine emissions from CO2 capture systems employs washwater remediation technologies. Using a lab-scale continuous treatment system, we demonstrated that ultraviolet (UV) light of fluence 1200 mJ/cm2 reduced nitrosamine accumulation in the washwater by two orders of magnitude. The addition of ozone downstream of UV treatment reduced the concentration of accumulated amines by 90%, and therefore assisted nitrosamine and nitramine reduction. The combined UV-ozone system is an effective treatment scheme for removing nitrosamines, nitramines, and amines in the washwater and limiting their atmospheric emissions.
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http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3580658
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